{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309174572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060219","title":"A Hybrid Hesitant Fuzzy Model for Healthcare Systems Ranking of European Countries","display_name":"A Hybrid Hesitant Fuzzy Model for Healthcare Systems Ranking of European Countries","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309174572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/219/pdf?version=1668589593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/219/pdf?version=1668589593","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025128588","display_name":"Ahmet Akta\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4394-121X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145505","display_name":"University of Turkish Aeronautical Association","ror":"https://ror.org/055p14r26","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145505"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Aktas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Ankara 06790, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4394-121X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Ankara 06790, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068630941","display_name":"Billur Ecer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150808","display_name":"Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ryemn72","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150808"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billur Ecer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06010, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06010, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025723454","display_name":"Mehmet Kabak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-5349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95634034","display_name":"Gazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/054xkpr46","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95634034"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Kabak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06570, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-5349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06570, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95634034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025128588"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145505"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.1984,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79969955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"219","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.9222218990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.8537622094154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5823940634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5571708083152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.515614926815033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal-solution","display_name":"Ideal solution","score":0.5016543865203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.49296045303344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.42918121814727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4238203763961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.41117045283317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36455681920051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3583682179450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3345777988433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3263936936855316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2933424115180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24473720788955688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.9222218990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.8537622094154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5823940634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5571708083152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.515614926815033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89591040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779030","display_name":"Ideal solution","level":2,"score":0.5016543865203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.49296045303344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.42918121814727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4238203763961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.41117045283317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36455681920051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3583682179450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3345777988433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3263936936855316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2933424115180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24473720788955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/219/pdf?version=1668589593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:a34b8878-a5e7-4dc5-8b9d-0c4fc3d5bdf0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.aybu.edu.tr/publication/details/a34b8878-a5e7-4dc5-8b9d-0c4fc3d5bdf0/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055213","display_name":"AYBU AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:20b6907a642c43e4a6c9979a802a6ca7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/20b6907a642c43e4a6c9979a802a6ca7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 219 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/10/6/219/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10060219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/219/pdf?version=1668589593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309174572.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978062397","https://openalex.org/W1991419869","https://openalex.org/W2001468102","https://openalex.org/W2013615435","https://openalex.org/W2020679445","https://openalex.org/W2027658147","https://openalex.org/W2031302259","https://openalex.org/W2050090718","https://openalex.org/W2063149790","https://openalex.org/W2097280002","https://openalex.org/W2112664468","https://openalex.org/W2462133314","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W2896878395","https://openalex.org/W2912368829","https://openalex.org/W3016944173","https://openalex.org/W3172565114","https://openalex.org/W3191125156","https://openalex.org/W4200335605","https://openalex.org/W4205719871","https://openalex.org/W4224145538","https://openalex.org/W4281565090","https://openalex.org/W4289529847","https://openalex.org/W4304182543","https://openalex.org/W4306404534","https://openalex.org/W4307945801","https://openalex.org/W6601174194","https://openalex.org/W6679780668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293394021","https://openalex.org/W2347675019","https://openalex.org/W2367947563","https://openalex.org/W2890644467","https://openalex.org/W4387430003","https://openalex.org/W1990029659","https://openalex.org/W3135485754","https://openalex.org/W2884422668","https://openalex.org/W2389757528","https://openalex.org/W2560304016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ranking":[0],"several":[1],"countries":[2,55,135,163],"on":[3,35,70],"a":[4,17,31,50,64],"specific":[5],"area":[6],"may":[7],"require":[8],"the":[9,21,102,114,120,124,132,147,160,177,185,194,197],"consideration":[10],"of":[11,19,23,30,33,43,58,81,97,116,138,149,162,200],"various":[12,36],"factors":[13],"simultaneously.":[14],"To":[15,61],"obtain":[16,113],"ranking":[18,51,161],"countries,":[20],"development":[22],"analytical":[24],"approaches,":[25],"which":[26],"can":[27],"aggregate":[28],"opinions":[29],"group":[32,66,104],"people":[34],"criteria,":[37],"is":[38,90],"essential.":[39],"The":[40],"main":[41],"aim":[42],"this":[44,62,93],"study":[45],"was":[46,110,190],"to":[47,86,112,119,192],"propose":[48],"such":[49],"approach":[52],"for":[53,146,159,180,196],"European":[54,134],"in":[56,92,136,155,171,184],"terms":[57,137],"healthcare":[59,139],"services.":[60,140],"end,":[63],"hybrid":[65],"decision-making":[67,105],"model":[68],"based":[69],"Hesitant":[71,78],"Fuzzy":[72,79],"Linguistic":[73],"Terms":[74],"Set":[75],"(HFLTS)":[76],"and":[77,107,129,157],"Technique":[80],"Order":[82],"Preference":[83],"by":[84,101,123,165],"Similarity":[85],"Ideal":[87],"Solution":[88],"(HF-TOPSIS)":[89],"presented":[91],"study.":[94],"Importance":[95],"degree":[96],"indicators":[98],"were":[99],"determined":[100],"HFLTS-based":[103],"approach,":[106],"then":[108],"HF-TOPSIS":[109,156],"used":[111],"rank":[115],"countries.":[117],"According":[118],"results":[121],"obtained":[122,164],"proposed":[125],"model,":[126],"Austria,":[127],"Sweden":[128],"Finland":[130],"are":[131],"best":[133,178,195],"Moreover,":[141],"two":[142],"comparative":[143],"analyses,":[144],"one":[145,158],"utilization":[148],"different":[150],"hesitant":[151,186],"fuzzy":[152,187],"distance":[153,182],"measures":[154,183],"utilizing":[166],"TOPSIS,":[167],"return":[168],"some":[169],"variations":[170],"country":[172,179],"rankings.":[173],"While":[174],"Austria":[175],"remained":[176],"all":[181],"environment,":[188],"Luxemburg":[189],"found":[191],"be":[193],"deterministic":[198],"case":[199],"TOPSIS.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
