{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304184091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050180","title":"A Learning-Based Decision Tool towards Smart Energy Optimization in the Manufacturing Process","display_name":"A Learning-Based Decision Tool towards Smart Energy Optimization in the Manufacturing Process","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304184091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10050180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/180/pdf?version=1666597227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/180/pdf?version=1666597227","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033733206","display_name":"Choumicha El Mazgualdi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Choumicha El Mazgualdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Simulation and Smart Systems (L2M3S), Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Sciences Team (IASI), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, ENSAM-Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Simulation and Smart Systems (L2M3S), Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Sciences Team (IASI), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, ENSAM-Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005732901","display_name":"Tawfik Masrour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-6300"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tawfik Masrour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Simulation and Smart Systems (L2M3S), Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Sciences Team (IASI), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, ENSAM-Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-6300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Simulation and Smart Systems (L2M3S), Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Sciences Team (IASI), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, ENSAM-Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071423917","display_name":"Noureddine Barka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-8326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182451676","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski","ror":"https://ror.org/049jtt335","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182451676","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noureddine Barka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski, 300 All\u00e9e des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-8326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski, 300 All\u00e9e des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182451676"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108740228","display_name":"Ibtissam El Hassani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibtissam El Hassani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Simulation and Smart Systems (L2M3S), Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Sciences Team (IASI), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, ENSAM-Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-6904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Simulation and Smart Systems (L2M3S), Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Sciences Team (IASI), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, ENSAM-Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033733206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.6191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81295899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"180","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8389309644699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6384877562522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6093112230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.601162850856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.5010266304016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46031826734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-horizon","display_name":"Time horizon","score":0.42245206236839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40240633487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.270460844039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.20497554540634155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8389309644699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6384877562522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6093112230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.601162850856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.5010266304016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46031826734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.42245206236839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40240633487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.270460844039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.20497554540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10050180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/180/pdf?version=1666597227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:91df9fe05fba4d44a76514d31d94d9ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/91df9fe05fba4d44a76514d31d94d9ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 180 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/10/5/180/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10050180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 180","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10050180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/180/pdf?version=1666597227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304184091.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W38301456","https://openalex.org/W1601034347","https://openalex.org/W1977655452","https://openalex.org/W1978515290","https://openalex.org/W2002016471","https://openalex.org/W2046376809","https://openalex.org/W2073384958","https://openalex.org/W2087312632","https://openalex.org/W2096630263","https://openalex.org/W2098386900","https://openalex.org/W2101786389","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2273982729","https://openalex.org/W2620520140","https://openalex.org/W2770658973","https://openalex.org/W2790321346","https://openalex.org/W2886594428","https://openalex.org/W2886985040","https://openalex.org/W2904029666","https://openalex.org/W2904526301","https://openalex.org/W2913584114","https://openalex.org/W2944110745","https://openalex.org/W2973862992","https://openalex.org/W2979410542","https://openalex.org/W2997404503","https://openalex.org/W3004799857","https://openalex.org/W3009703485","https://openalex.org/W3024244456","https://openalex.org/W3039095521","https://openalex.org/W3082324064","https://openalex.org/W3092170464","https://openalex.org/W3096600878","https://openalex.org/W3196436874","https://openalex.org/W4237591687","https://openalex.org/W6601578796","https://openalex.org/W6638018090","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6738814434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,95],"developed":[1],"a":[2,22,48,58,116,209],"self-optimizing":[3],"decision":[4,55,139,161],"system":[5,56,83,140,162],"that":[6,61],"dynamically":[7],"minimizes":[8],"the":[9,63,74,97,100,107,138,142,170,174,185],"overall":[10,179],"energy":[11,70,124,180,190],"consumption":[12,71,125],"of":[13,102,111,132,137,167],"an":[14,164],"industrial":[15,65,204],"process.":[16],"Our":[17,159],"model":[18],"is":[19,57,84,115,131],"based":[20,77],"on":[21,78],"deep":[23,34],"reinforcement":[24,30],"learning":[25,31],"(DRL)":[26],"framework,":[27],"adopting":[28],"three":[29,143],"methods,":[32],"namely:":[33],"Q-network":[35],"(DQN),":[36],"proximal":[37],"policy":[38],"optimization":[39,191],"(PPO),":[40],"and":[41,86,109,148,151,201,214],"advantage":[42],"actor\u2013critic":[43],"(A2C)":[44],"algorithms,":[45],"combined":[46],"with":[47,128],"self-predicting":[49],"random":[50],"forest":[51],"model.":[52],"This":[53,182],"smart":[54],"physics-informed":[59],"DRL":[60],"sets":[62],"key":[64],"input":[66],"parameters":[67,114,168],"to":[68,99,188,194,199],"optimize":[69],"while":[72,126,177],"ensuring":[73],"product":[75],"quality":[76],"desired":[79],"output":[80],"parameters.":[81],"The":[82,135],"self-improving":[85],"can":[87],"increase":[88],"its":[89],"performances":[90],"without":[91],"further":[92,206],"human":[93],"assistance.":[94],"applied":[96],"approach":[98],"process":[101,172,195],"heating":[103,171],"tempered":[104,112],"glass.":[105],"Indeed,":[106],"identification":[108],"control":[110],"glass":[113],"challenging":[117],"task":[118],"requiring":[119],"expertise.":[120],"In":[121],"addition,":[122],"optimizing":[123],"dealing":[127],"this":[129,157],"issue":[130],"great":[133],"value-added.":[134],"evaluation":[136],"under":[141],"configurations":[144],"has":[145],"been":[146,154],"performed":[147],"consequently,":[149],"outcomes":[150],"conclusions":[152],"have":[153],"explained":[155],"in":[156],"paper.":[158],"intelligent":[160,213],"provides":[163,184],"optimized":[165],"set":[166],"for":[169],"within":[173],"acceptance":[175],"limits":[176],"minimizing":[178],"consumption.":[181],"work":[183],"necessary":[186],"foundations":[187],"address":[189],"issues":[192],"related":[193],"parameterization":[196],"from":[197],"theory":[198],"practice":[200],"providing":[202],"real":[203],"application;":[205],"research":[207],"opens":[208],"new":[210],"horizon":[211],"towards":[212],"sustainable":[215],"manufacturing.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
