{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298003869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050171","title":"Assessing the Development Level of Logistics for Sustainable Cities in Urban Agglomeration Based on a Multi-Layer Complex Network","display_name":"Assessing the Development Level of Logistics for Sustainable Cities in Urban Agglomeration Based on a Multi-Layer Complex Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298003869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10050171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/171/pdf?version=1664530916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/171/pdf?version=1664530916","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042908907","display_name":"Fei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4269-2565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632122","display_name":"Zhijie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-7990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100547088","display_name":"Shumei Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022255714","display_name":"Kum Fai Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kum Fai Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001781562","display_name":"Haonan He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104213485","display_name":"Qipeng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qipeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054114527","display_name":"Po\u2010Lin Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-864X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Polin Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Logistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-864X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Logistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070107379","display_name":"Zhen Shang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100632122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.2855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82658796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"171","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-agglomeration","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","score":0.9202669858932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.7012861371040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5383236408233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5255026817321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.5155112743377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.49933290481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.478675901889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-agglomeration","display_name":"Economies of agglomeration","score":0.46596720814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-hierarchy","display_name":"Urban hierarchy","score":0.4393481910228729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.438618928194046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.4238073229789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.2656145393848419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.26432180404663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.12065860629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.09206229448318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08776992559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.07960280776023865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154611951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393233","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.9202669858932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.7012861371040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5383236408233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5255026817321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5155112743377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.49933290481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.478675901889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131850264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383056","display_name":"Economies of agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.46596720814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780207250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900124","display_name":"Urban hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.4393481910228729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.438618928194046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4238073229789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2656145393848419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.26432180404663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.12065860629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09206229448318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08776992559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07960280776023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10050171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/171/pdf?version=1664530916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bde76882f61041159ca70c68c8009238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bde76882f61041159ca70c68c8009238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 171 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/165128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/10/5/171/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10050171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 171","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10050171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/171/pdf?version=1664530916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G384172518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JM-423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4751756590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18BGL258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7346145990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21JP007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7586725904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22GL89","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4298003869.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166030919","https://openalex.org/W1922178512","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W1986079764","https://openalex.org/W1991288592","https://openalex.org/W2010735412","https://openalex.org/W2010813478","https://openalex.org/W2039103323","https://openalex.org/W2040020210","https://openalex.org/W2072625924","https://openalex.org/W2093639544","https://openalex.org/W2189736958","https://openalex.org/W2312407084","https://openalex.org/W2393668114","https://openalex.org/W2460203242","https://openalex.org/W2576757961","https://openalex.org/W2581779495","https://openalex.org/W2734466471","https://openalex.org/W2765979368","https://openalex.org/W2782772046","https://openalex.org/W2783897270","https://openalex.org/W2795444497","https://openalex.org/W2887057684","https://openalex.org/W2896088586","https://openalex.org/W2896335033","https://openalex.org/W2899181705","https://openalex.org/W2919526186","https://openalex.org/W2942890378","https://openalex.org/W2974412299","https://openalex.org/W2977060043","https://openalex.org/W2991836687","https://openalex.org/W2995185625","https://openalex.org/W2995910449","https://openalex.org/W2999181002","https://openalex.org/W2999802738","https://openalex.org/W3000835599","https://openalex.org/W3003423694","https://openalex.org/W3026651245","https://openalex.org/W3041241239","https://openalex.org/W3042256486","https://openalex.org/W3081641443","https://openalex.org/W3103589660","https://openalex.org/W3108344908","https://openalex.org/W3116964549","https://openalex.org/W3132418045","https://openalex.org/W3134872740","https://openalex.org/W3217222182","https://openalex.org/W4283810849","https://openalex.org/W6782152756","https://openalex.org/W6785435718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237775769","https://openalex.org/W2144964277","https://openalex.org/W1543740831","https://openalex.org/W3121814363","https://openalex.org/W3004968771","https://openalex.org/W2266601619","https://openalex.org/W3105504075","https://openalex.org/W4322490939","https://openalex.org/W2359982472","https://openalex.org/W2376157001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluating":[0],"the":[1,12,25,32,71,95,100,102,105,116,119,157,162,168,173,178,183,189,202],"development":[2,14,27,77,131,204],"level":[3],"of":[4,15,28,38,58,79,90,99,109,122,156,164,191,205],"urban":[5,20,35,43,59,110,125,134,210],"logistics":[6,26,44,56,80,111,135,148,207],"can":[7],"significantly":[8],"inform":[9],"policies":[10],"for":[11,133,201],"sustainable":[13,203],"each":[16],"city":[17],"in":[18,31,81,147,167,172,177,182,188,208],"an":[19],"agglomeration.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23,51],"analyzed":[24],"11":[29],"cities":[30,83],"Guanzhong":[33],"Plain":[34],"agglomeration":[36],"(GPUA)":[37],"China.":[39],"Compared":[40],"to":[41],"traditional":[42],"evaluation":[45],"methods":[46],"considering":[47],"individual":[48],"attributes,":[49],"this":[50],"constructed":[52],"a":[53,87,199],"multi-layer":[54],"complex":[55,64],"network":[57,65,159],"agglomerations":[60],"(MCLNUA)":[61],"based":[62],"on":[63],"theory,":[66],"which":[67],"takes":[68],"into":[69],"account":[70],"multiple":[72],"connections":[73,112,160,192],"between":[74,113,150,193],"cities.":[75,152],"The":[76,139,153,196],"levels":[78,149],"these":[82],"were":[84,136],"evaluated":[85],"from":[86],"multi-dimensional":[88],"perspective":[89],"\u201cpoint\u2013line\u2013surface\u201d,":[91],"(the":[92],"\u201cpoint\u201d":[93],"represents":[94,104,118],"node":[96],"characteristic":[97],"index":[98],"city,":[101],"\u201cline\u201d":[103],"strength":[106,190],"and":[107,115,128,170,175,180],"direction":[108],"cities,":[114],"\u201csurface\u201d":[117],"cohesive":[120,194],"subgroup":[121],"cities).":[123],"An":[124],"spatial":[126,130,154],"hierarchy":[127],"corresponding":[129],"plan":[132],"also":[137],"developed.":[138],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"there":[143],"are":[144,186],"significant":[145],"differences":[146,187],"different":[151],"structure":[155],"overall":[158],"shows":[161],"pattern":[163],"being":[165],"strong":[166,176],"south":[169],"weak":[171,181],"north,":[174],"east":[179],"west.":[184],"There":[185],"subgroups.":[195],"research":[197],"provides":[198],"reference":[200],"regional":[206],"other":[209],"agglomerations.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2022-10-01T00:00:00"}