{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224312040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030054","title":"Bstick: Handheld Virtual Reality Haptic Controller for Hand Rehabilitation","display_name":"Bstick: Handheld Virtual Reality Haptic Controller for Hand Rehabilitation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224312040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10030054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/3/54/pdf?version=1651039421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/3/54/pdf?version=1651039421","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058746415","display_name":"Ginam Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-0206"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ginam Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Department, placeB Inc., Seoul 08375, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Department, placeB Inc., Seoul 08375, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058084561","display_name":"Sang-Hun Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174101054","display_name":"Changwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ts4qa58","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174101054"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SangHun Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Culture Technology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-9948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Culture Technology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174101054"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058084561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174101054"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.2064,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.417657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"54","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.8144606351852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.6651312708854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6175907850265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.596979558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.573371410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.5672770142555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-device","display_name":"Input device","score":0.41340476274490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.41217589378356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.37147146463394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2569909691810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.24330571293830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08432495594024658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.8144606351852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.6651312708854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6175907850265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.596979558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.573371410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.5672770142555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121449826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864114","display_name":"Input device","level":2,"score":0.41340476274490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.41217589378356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.37147146463394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2569909691810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.24330571293830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08432495594024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10030054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/3/54/pdf?version=1651039421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24030718b1b247248d2e84e1c5404b68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24030718b1b247248d2e84e1c5404b68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 54 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/10/3/54/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10030054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10030054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/3/54/pdf?version=1651039421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2517588508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1I1A3051739","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4593900074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00986","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224312040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224312040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972279805","https://openalex.org/W2122613696","https://openalex.org/W2288146251","https://openalex.org/W2337591881","https://openalex.org/W2345768504","https://openalex.org/W2397519240","https://openalex.org/W2481130537","https://openalex.org/W2536013731","https://openalex.org/W2565842466","https://openalex.org/W2581455624","https://openalex.org/W2610929834","https://openalex.org/W2612110125","https://openalex.org/W2766544714","https://openalex.org/W2788551228","https://openalex.org/W2791390850","https://openalex.org/W2792569234","https://openalex.org/W2793637051","https://openalex.org/W2940592368","https://openalex.org/W2942440020","https://openalex.org/W2952163316","https://openalex.org/W3024428288","https://openalex.org/W3031954512","https://openalex.org/W3093744613","https://openalex.org/W3103730376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1460473522","https://openalex.org/W4382365651","https://openalex.org/W2758177828","https://openalex.org/W2084814289","https://openalex.org/W2943519875","https://openalex.org/W2089276446","https://openalex.org/W2112787936","https://openalex.org/W2169089074","https://openalex.org/W1997100572","https://openalex.org/W1598792161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"proposes":[2],"Bstick,":[3],"the":[4,14,26,69,94,97,100,118,128,168,180,206],"first":[5],"handheld-type":[6],"haptic":[7,133,200],"controller":[8,134,201],"that":[9,66,113,157,202,216],"can":[10,33,67,102,114,139,158,184,203,217],"monitor":[11],"and":[12,39,43,52,83,90,109,144,167,170,191,211],"control":[13],"placement":[15],"of":[16,72,81,96,106,163,208],"five":[17,141,154,209],"fingers":[18,142],"in":[19,117,127,179],"real-time":[20],"using":[21,131,198],"linear":[22,155],"motors":[23,156],"attached":[24],"on":[25,194],"fingers.":[27],"As":[28],"a":[29,78,85,132,137,199],"handheld":[30],"device,":[31],"it":[32,40,47],"be":[34,49,115,177,185],"used":[35,53,186],"with":[36,54,88],"both":[37],"hands,":[38],"was":[41,122,146],"designed":[42],"produced":[44],"to":[45,48,124,176,187],"allow":[46],"freely":[50],"moved":[51],"other":[55],"virtual":[56,86,104],"reality":[57],"(VR)":[58],"devices":[59],"via":[60],"Bluetooth.":[61],"Bstick":[62,152,183],"also":[63],"provides":[64],"stiffness":[65],"maintain":[68],"pressing":[70],"forces":[71],"an":[73],"adult":[74],"man\u2019s":[75],"fingers,":[76,210],"providing":[77],"realistic":[79],"sense":[80],"grabbing":[82],"controlling":[84],"object":[87],"rigidity":[89],"softness.":[91],"By":[92],"changing":[93],"location":[95],"finger":[98],"buttons,":[99],"device":[101],"render":[103],"objects":[105],"various":[107],"shapes":[108],"sizes.":[110],"A":[111],"component":[112],"implemented":[116],"Unity":[119,212],"game":[120,213],"engine":[121,214],"developed":[123],"provide":[125],"convenience":[126],"content":[129],"development,":[130],"feature":[135],"where":[136],"user":[138],"move":[140],"independently,":[143],"this":[145],"applied":[147],"for":[148],"hand":[149],"rehabilitation":[150],"contents.":[151],"includes":[153],"sustain":[159],"approximately":[160],"22":[161],"N":[162],"force":[164,196],"per":[165],"finger,":[166],"hardware":[169],"circuitry":[171],"are":[172],"compact,":[173],"so":[174],"as":[175],"held":[178],"user\u2019s":[181],"hand.":[182],"create":[188],"VR":[189],"services":[190],"contents":[192],"based":[193],"five-fingered":[195],"feedback":[197],"independently":[204],"manage":[205],"motions":[207],"software":[215],"modify":[218],"hardware.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
