{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212912761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10010019","title":"Verifying the Smart Contracts of the Port Supply Chain System Based on Probabilistic Model Checking","display_name":"Verifying the Smart Contracts of the Port Supply Chain System Based on Probabilistic Model Checking","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212912761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10010019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/1/19/pdf?version=1645171696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/1/19/pdf?version=1645171696","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355846","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-0392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101834341","display_name":"Ziyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7494-9799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606352","display_name":"Yongsheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-2453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102862727","display_name":"Yan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2525-0055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137056471","display_name":"Nanjing University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/031y8am81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137056471"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Accounting, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Accounting, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137056471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102862727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137056471","https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":7.018,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96965469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9283999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.8012990355491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.7847357988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.6877637505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6670445203781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5504608154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5167719125747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.35069239139556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33040982484817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.29336732625961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.25330865383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13538795709609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09285274147987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.07328233122825623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.8012990355491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.7847357988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.6877637505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6670445203781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5504608154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5167719125747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.35069239139556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33040982484817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29336732625961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25330865383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13538795709609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09285274147987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.07328233122825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/1/19/pdf?version=1645171696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:512977791c2343a6ae4667c20c97fcb6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/512977791c2343a6ae4667c20c97fcb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 19 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/10/1/19/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10010019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 10; Issue 1; Pages: 19","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10010019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10010019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/1/19/pdf?version=1645171696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212912761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212912761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020273103","https://openalex.org/W2081245063","https://openalex.org/W2803002029","https://openalex.org/W2883310540","https://openalex.org/W2900343693","https://openalex.org/W2939663913","https://openalex.org/W2946233782","https://openalex.org/W2951343982","https://openalex.org/W2959621153","https://openalex.org/W2962170189","https://openalex.org/W2963096258","https://openalex.org/W2979191315","https://openalex.org/W2981518695","https://openalex.org/W2994721421","https://openalex.org/W2998306639","https://openalex.org/W2999510791","https://openalex.org/W3003924369","https://openalex.org/W3006270948","https://openalex.org/W3008773310","https://openalex.org/W3014037294","https://openalex.org/W3033909971","https://openalex.org/W3034103984","https://openalex.org/W3034930144","https://openalex.org/W3038124938","https://openalex.org/W3040285820","https://openalex.org/W3045493768","https://openalex.org/W3047945658","https://openalex.org/W3085470752","https://openalex.org/W3112901540","https://openalex.org/W3118793045","https://openalex.org/W3119455763","https://openalex.org/W3121256088","https://openalex.org/W3127279031","https://openalex.org/W3128350048","https://openalex.org/W3135409708","https://openalex.org/W3136600682","https://openalex.org/W3138285049","https://openalex.org/W3146494093","https://openalex.org/W3146907769","https://openalex.org/W3148852035","https://openalex.org/W3170602251","https://openalex.org/W3184810166","https://openalex.org/W6768515732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753223082","https://openalex.org/W3025119703","https://openalex.org/W2347757802","https://openalex.org/W600655143","https://openalex.org/W4248792787","https://openalex.org/W4385372470","https://openalex.org/W1559940255","https://openalex.org/W2767550285","https://openalex.org/W2373396576","https://openalex.org/W2978632086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Port":[0,155],"supply":[1,30,46,62,73,87,102],"chains":[2,103],"play":[3],"a":[4,83,92],"very":[5],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,24],"the":[9,18,21,26,38,56,67,97,122,131,147,152,163,174,181,188],"process":[10,69,150,165],"of":[11,15,17,28,70,82,100,130,151,176,191],"economic":[12],"globalization.":[13],"Lack":[14],"trust":[16,39],"mechanism":[19],"is":[20],"main":[22],"factor":[23],"restricting":[25],"development":[27],"port":[29,45,61,72,86,101],"chains.":[31,74],"Blockchains":[32],"have":[33],"great":[34],"potential":[35],"to":[36,172],"solve":[37],"problem":[40],"among":[41],"all":[42],"participants":[43],"using":[44],"chains,":[47,63],"which":[48,117],"can":[49],"reduce":[50],"costs":[51],"and":[52,60,90,127,161,179],"improve":[53],"efficiency.":[54],"As":[55],"bridge":[57],"between":[58],"blockchains":[59],"smart":[64,98,108,132,167,182],"contracts":[65,99,109,183],"reconstruct":[66,162],"business":[68],"blockchain-empowered":[71,85],"In":[75],"this":[76,177],"article,":[77],"we":[78,145],"present":[79],"an":[80],"architecture":[81],"consortium":[84],"chain":[88],"system,":[89],"propose":[91],"system":[93],"verification":[94],"framework":[95],"for":[96],"with":[104,166],"probabilistic":[105],"behaviors.":[106],"The":[107,134],"are":[110,118,136],"modeled":[111],"as":[112],"DTMCs":[113],"(Discrete-Time":[114],"Markov":[115],"Chains),":[116],"automatically":[119],"transformed":[120],"through":[121],"BPMN":[123],"(Business":[124],"Process":[125],"Model":[126],"Notation)":[128],"description":[129],"contracts.":[133,168],"requirements":[135],"specified":[137],"by":[138],"PCTL":[139],"(Probabilistic":[140],"Computation":[141],"Tree":[142],"Logic).":[143],"Moreover,":[144],"implement":[146],"customs":[148],"clearance":[149,164],"Shanghai":[153],"Yangshan":[154],"based":[156],"on":[157],"blockchain":[158],"Hyperledger":[159],"Fabric,":[160],"We":[169],"use":[170],"it":[171],"demonstrate":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"framework,":[178],"identify":[180],"that":[184],"do":[185],"not":[186],"meet":[187],"expected":[189],"needs":[190],"users.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2022-02-24T00:00:00"}
