{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2620707406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym9060083","title":"Rice Leaf Lateral Asymmetry in the Relationship between SPAD and Area-Based Nitrogen Concentration","display_name":"Rice Leaf Lateral Asymmetry in the Relationship between SPAD and Area-Based Nitrogen Concentration","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2620707406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym9060083","mag":"2620707406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym9060083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym9060083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/6/83/pdf?version=1496648283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/6/83/pdf?version=1496648283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085917466","display_name":"Shen Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-145X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-145X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055413696","display_name":"Travis L. Goron","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis Goron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015434730","display_name":"Liying Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-9289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103699096","display_name":"Lilian Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455852","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-8484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100455852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.5072,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80599185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"83","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apex","display_name":"Apex (geometry)","score":0.7981975078582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-blade","display_name":"Leaf blade","score":0.6792857050895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.624294638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-plant","display_name":"Rice plant","score":0.5972700119018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.5629047155380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growing-season","display_name":"Growing season","score":0.4758850336074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.4745424687862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3786414861679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.36629152297973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.3356899917125702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.3245663046836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.248289555311203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.21838387846946716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67139541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2858200","display_name":"Apex (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7981975078582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991666437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33971","display_name":"Leaf blade","level":2,"score":0.6792857050895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.624294638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992726227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5090","display_name":"Rice plant","level":2,"score":0.5972700119018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.5629047155380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.4758850336074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.4745424687862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3786414861679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36629152297973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3356899917125702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3245663046836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.248289555311203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21838387846946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym9060083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym9060083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/6/83/pdf?version=1496648283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/9/6/83/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym9060083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 9; Issue 6; Pages: 83","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym9060083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym9060083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/6/83/pdf?version=1496648283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2493077768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B14032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2620707406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2620707406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1167042619","https://openalex.org/W1895696251","https://openalex.org/W1975580328","https://openalex.org/W1983002953","https://openalex.org/W1985584433","https://openalex.org/W1986369606","https://openalex.org/W1987270596","https://openalex.org/W1987622292","https://openalex.org/W2018170022","https://openalex.org/W2019917427","https://openalex.org/W2031568600","https://openalex.org/W2031883452","https://openalex.org/W2033206886","https://openalex.org/W2036137927","https://openalex.org/W2036220110","https://openalex.org/W2041283885","https://openalex.org/W2048512974","https://openalex.org/W2048546797","https://openalex.org/W2049096931","https://openalex.org/W2053944066","https://openalex.org/W2059168882","https://openalex.org/W2061539672","https://openalex.org/W2087565123","https://openalex.org/W2094064569","https://openalex.org/W2104572947","https://openalex.org/W2108014542","https://openalex.org/W2114078547","https://openalex.org/W2114978787","https://openalex.org/W2115436074","https://openalex.org/W2117225984","https://openalex.org/W2137583501","https://openalex.org/W2148333466","https://openalex.org/W2152060288","https://openalex.org/W2152224191","https://openalex.org/W2167079729","https://openalex.org/W2288464174","https://openalex.org/W2323511679","https://openalex.org/W2395579315","https://openalex.org/W2397583252","https://openalex.org/W2510478065","https://openalex.org/W3016710161","https://openalex.org/W4256264837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144346841","https://openalex.org/W2040808734","https://openalex.org/W4239875715","https://openalex.org/W2317645502","https://openalex.org/W2359768936","https://openalex.org/W1984399408","https://openalex.org/W2323719091","https://openalex.org/W2324861651","https://openalex.org/W2322292922","https://openalex.org/W2317929982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rice":[0],"leaves":[1,79],"display":[2],"lateral":[3,47,102],"asymmetry":[4],"around":[5],"the":[6,9,27,31,34,37,45,50,54,66,76,106,116,125,136,143,159,163,179,184,188,195,201,212,218,222,226],"midrib,":[7],"and":[8,19,42,49,70,98,139,152,187,204],"narrow":[10,117,164],"side":[11,41,108,161,165],"exhibits":[12],"higher":[13,111],"leaf":[14,55,101,127,137,168,213,223],"area-based":[15],"nitrogen":[16],"concentration":[17],"(Na)":[18],"soil":[20],"plant":[21,174],"analysis":[22],"development":[23],"(SPAD)":[24],"values":[25,134],"than":[26,115,162],"wider":[28],"side.":[29,118,228],"However,":[30],"difference":[32],"in":[33,91,104],"relationship":[35,67,95,182],"between":[36,68,96],"SPAD":[38,58,69,97,133,156,192,208],"of":[39,44,72,75,113,124,166,183,194,215],"each":[40],"Na":[43,71,99,123],"corresponding":[46],"half,":[48],"optimal":[51],"position":[52,206],"along":[53],"blade":[56,169,214],"for":[57,142,191,207],"measurements":[59,193],"are":[60],"not":[61],"known.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64,197],"study,":[65],"both":[73],"sides":[74,138],"top":[77,144],"three":[78,88],"was":[80,128,149],"determined":[81],"with":[82,170],"17":[83],"rice":[84,167,216],"varieties":[85],"grown":[86],"over":[87],"growing":[89],"seasons":[90],"two":[92,145],"locations.":[93],"The":[94,119],"displayed":[100],"asymmetry,":[103],"which":[105],"wide":[107,160,227],"reflected":[109],"a":[110],"coefficient":[112],"determination":[114],"ability":[120],"to":[121,154,172,178],"estimate":[122],"whole":[126],"slightly":[129],"improved":[130],"by":[131],"averaging":[132],"across":[135],"measured":[140],"points":[141],"leaves.":[146],"Apparently,":[147],"it":[148],"more":[150],"accurate":[151],"easier":[153],"measure":[155],"readings":[157],"on":[158,211,225],"respect":[171],"estimating":[173],"N":[175],"status.":[176],"Due":[177],"relatively":[180],"poor":[181],"upper":[185],"leaf,":[186],"structural":[189],"limit":[190],"base,":[196],"study":[198],"suggests":[199],"that":[200],"most":[202],"suitable":[203],"representative":[205],"meter":[209],"measurement":[210],"is":[217],"lower-middle":[219],"part":[220],"from":[221],"apex":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2017-06-09T00:00:00"}
