{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2527051430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8100104","title":"A Search Complexity Improvement of Vector Quantization to Immittance Spectral Frequency Coefficients in AMR-WB Speech Codec","display_name":"A Search Complexity Improvement of Vector Quantization to Immittance Spectral Frequency Coefficients in AMR-WB Speech Codec","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2527051430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8100104","mag":"2527051430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym8100104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8100104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/8/10/104/pdf?version=1475228182","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/8/10/104/pdf?version=1475228182","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053697864","display_name":"Bing-Jhih Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing-Jhih Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113869703","display_name":"Cheng-Yu Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65446980","display_name":"National Chin-Yi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040bs6h16","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Yu Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung 41170, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung 41170, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016301887","display_name":"Shaw\u2010Hwa Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaw-Hwa Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113869703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.6185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75561336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"10","first_page":"104","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.7621368169784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6894726753234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-excited-linear-prediction","display_name":"Code-excited linear prediction","score":0.6530036926269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.5557610988616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5519652366638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5396021008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-sum-excited-linear-prediction","display_name":"Vector sum excited linear prediction","score":0.5159805417060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.47635579109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-predictive-coding","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","score":0.4588819444179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.45180901885032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.43688666820526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immittance","display_name":"Immittance","score":0.4142632782459259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.11962351202964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0934714674949646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.7621368169784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6894726753234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105964291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856184","display_name":"Code-excited linear prediction","level":4,"score":0.6530036926269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.5557610988616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5519652366638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5396021008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138807605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917845","display_name":"Vector sum excited linear prediction","level":5,"score":0.5159805417060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.47635579109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59883199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826438","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","level":3,"score":0.4588819444179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.45180901885032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43688666820526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178076193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6124455","display_name":"Immittance","level":2,"score":0.4142632782459259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.11962351202964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0934714674949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym8100104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8100104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/8/10/104/pdf?version=1475228182","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb98cedc9cc841518bd2b5b74f1ebd7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb98cedc9cc841518bd2b5b74f1ebd7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 8, Iss 10, p 104 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/8/10/104/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym8100104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 8; Issue 10; Pages: 104","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym8100104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8100104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/8/10/104/pdf?version=1475228182","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4566296289","display_name":"The Research on Performance Improvement of Speech Coder Based on 4G LTE Mobile Communication System","funder_award_id":"MOST104-2221-E167-025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2527051430.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566451502","https://openalex.org/W1625982347","https://openalex.org/W1758305039","https://openalex.org/W1843925602","https://openalex.org/W1984923816","https://openalex.org/W1998250989","https://openalex.org/W2010248770","https://openalex.org/W2017910515","https://openalex.org/W2023251598","https://openalex.org/W2026414340","https://openalex.org/W2038854330","https://openalex.org/W2050457724","https://openalex.org/W2100832926","https://openalex.org/W2111393885","https://openalex.org/W2119236427","https://openalex.org/W2126548261","https://openalex.org/W2143636780","https://openalex.org/W2162498700","https://openalex.org/W2165291881","https://openalex.org/W2166231107","https://openalex.org/W2290599965","https://openalex.org/W2396951358","https://openalex.org/W6656329596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570840316","https://openalex.org/W1551277881","https://openalex.org/W2104682943","https://openalex.org/W2014919663","https://openalex.org/W2051489660","https://openalex.org/W2129876624","https://openalex.org/W1994749775","https://openalex.org/W2350749055","https://openalex.org/W2794974041","https://openalex.org/W2027067793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"adaptive":[1],"multi-rate":[2],"wideband":[3],"(AMR-WB)":[4],"code":[5],"is":[6,38,58,141],"a":[7,24,47,55,60,71,83,91,122,145,151,154,169,174,183,189],"speech":[8,33,49,115],"codec":[9],"developed":[10],"on":[11],"the":[12,76,100,106,113,127,130,134,195,199,204],"basis":[13],"of":[14,27,64,108,129,136],"an":[15,95,159],"algebraic":[16],"code-excited":[17],"linear-prediction":[18],"(ACELP)":[19],"coding":[20,36],"technique,":[21],"and":[22,31,94,158,201],"has":[23],"double":[25],"advantage":[26],"low":[28],"bit":[29],"rates":[30],"high":[32,48],"quality.":[34],"This":[35],"technique":[37],"widely":[39],"used":[40],"in":[41,51,75,112,121,194,198,203],"modern":[42],"mobile":[43],"communication":[44],"systems":[45],"for":[46,176],"quality":[50],"handheld":[52],"devices.":[53],"However,":[54],"major":[56],"disadvantage":[57],"that":[59,124],"vector":[61],"quantization":[62,111],"(VQ)":[63],"immittance":[65],"spectral":[66],"frequency":[67],"(ISF)":[68],"coefficients":[69],"occupies":[70],"significant":[72],"computational":[73],"load":[74,178,185],"AMR-WB":[77,114],"encoder.":[78],"Hence,":[79],"this":[80,137,139,180],"paper":[81],"presents":[82],"triangular":[84],"inequality":[85],"elimination":[86],"(TIE)":[87],"algorithm":[88,148,172],"combined":[89],"with":[90],"dynamic":[92],"mechanism":[93],"intersection":[96],"mechanism,":[97],"abbreviated":[98],"as":[99,144,173],"DI-TIE":[101],"algorithm,":[102],"to":[103,150],"remarkably":[104],"improve":[105],"complexity":[107],"ISF":[109],"coefficient":[110],"codec.":[116],"Both":[117],"mechanisms":[118],"are":[119],"designed":[120],"way":[123],"recursively":[125],"enhances":[126],"performance":[128],"TIE":[131,156],"algorithm.":[132],"At":[133],"end":[135],"work,":[138],"proposal":[140],"experimentally":[142],"validated":[143],"superior":[146],"search":[147,165,171,177,184],"relative":[149],"conventional":[152],"TIE,":[153,196],"multiple":[155],"(MTIE),":[157],"equal-average":[160],"equal-variance":[161],"equal-norm":[162],"nearest":[163],"neighbor":[164],"(EEENNS)":[166],"approach.":[167,206],"With":[168],"full":[170],"benchmark":[175],"comparison,":[179],"work":[181],"provides":[182],"reduction":[186],"above":[187],"77%,":[188],"figure":[190],"far":[191],"beyond":[192],"36%":[193],"49%":[197],"MTIE,":[200],"68%":[202],"EEENNS":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}