{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042286400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym2041925","title":"Three-Dimensional Facial Asymmetry in Attractive and Normal People from Childhood to Young Adulthood","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Facial Asymmetry in Attractive and Normal People from Childhood to Young Adulthood","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042286400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym2041925","mag":"2042286400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym2041925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym2041925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/2/4/1925/pdf?version=1289312787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/2/4/1925/pdf?version=1289312787","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045966717","display_name":"Chiarella Sforza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-6464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chiarella Sforza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063849384","display_name":"A Laino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7758-6156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117450","display_name":"Federico II University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jr6tp70","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Laino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dental, Oral, and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dental, Oral, and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084310485","display_name":"Gaia Grandi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaia Grandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112791221","display_name":"Luca Pisoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Pisoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051013236","display_name":"Virgilio F. Ferrario","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virgilio Ferruccio Ferrario","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell\u2019Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche \u201cCitt\u00e0 Studi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045966717"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.5326,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84104154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"1925","last_page":"1944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12663","display_name":"Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-symmetry","display_name":"Facial symmetry","score":0.8737353086471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.6989107131958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractiveness","display_name":"Attractiveness","score":0.6519144773483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adult","display_name":"Young adult","score":0.6256572604179382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5112345218658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluctuating-asymmetry","display_name":"Fluctuating asymmetry","score":0.4312003254890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.40496721863746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.37350398302078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.30950450897216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11220848560333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11056646704673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.10813796520233154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178195510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013040","display_name":"Facial symmetry","level":2,"score":0.8737353086471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.6989107131958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31173074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632514","display_name":"Attractiveness","level":2,"score":0.6519144773483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.6256572604179382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5112345218658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102790218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462619","display_name":"Fluctuating asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.4312003254890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.40496721863746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.37350398302078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30950450897216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11220848560333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11056646704673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10813796520233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym2041925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym2041925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/2/4/1925/pdf?version=1289312787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/148200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2434/148200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8d43d6108ea54ab28e6262a6de0b5acf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8d43d6108ea54ab28e6262a6de0b5acf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 1925-1944 (2010)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/2/4/1925/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym2041925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry; Volume 2; Issue 4; Pages: 1925-1944","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym2041925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym2041925","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/2/4/1925/pdf?version=1289312787","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313475","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2042286400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2042286400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546383141","https://openalex.org/W1898818376","https://openalex.org/W1976726584","https://openalex.org/W1978868065","https://openalex.org/W1985130210","https://openalex.org/W1985795736","https://openalex.org/W1988537987","https://openalex.org/W1988736700","https://openalex.org/W2005194803","https://openalex.org/W2005480823","https://openalex.org/W2007367800","https://openalex.org/W2015476045","https://openalex.org/W2016175002","https://openalex.org/W2031329164","https://openalex.org/W2031473422","https://openalex.org/W2032936828","https://openalex.org/W2034861541","https://openalex.org/W2042342448","https://openalex.org/W2046256964","https://openalex.org/W2061135398","https://openalex.org/W2071421199","https://openalex.org/W2075005915","https://openalex.org/W2075258869","https://openalex.org/W2077560388","https://openalex.org/W2086722958","https://openalex.org/W2095412688","https://openalex.org/W2100122322","https://openalex.org/W2103019954","https://openalex.org/W2103026772","https://openalex.org/W2103602571","https://openalex.org/W2105757717","https://openalex.org/W2106479346","https://openalex.org/W2113293159","https://openalex.org/W2114530419","https://openalex.org/W2114574345","https://openalex.org/W2121210932","https://openalex.org/W2135244640","https://openalex.org/W2144223299","https://openalex.org/W2144741029","https://openalex.org/W2148305055","https://openalex.org/W2152357876","https://openalex.org/W2152405139","https://openalex.org/W2162635827","https://openalex.org/W2166711410","https://openalex.org/W2167152810","https://openalex.org/W2182893090","https://openalex.org/W2221848855","https://openalex.org/W2318990628","https://openalex.org/W2470503127","https://openalex.org/W4233717454","https://openalex.org/W6639431685","https://openalex.org/W6675682960","https://openalex.org/W6676793258","https://openalex.org/W6685879317","https://openalex.org/W6688570237","https://openalex.org/W6720494434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210971940","https://openalex.org/W2151350123","https://openalex.org/W2154646513","https://openalex.org/W1984605283","https://openalex.org/W1995892603","https://openalex.org/W2148091560","https://openalex.org/W2034055915","https://openalex.org/W2079402155","https://openalex.org/W2124608719","https://openalex.org/W2082471726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"are":[1],"currently":[2],"investigating":[3],"measurable":[4],"esthetic":[5],"characteristics":[6],"in":[7,20,63],"persons":[8,35],"considered":[9],"\u201cattractive\u201d":[10],"by":[11,47],"the":[12,75],"media.":[13],"Three-dimensional":[14],"soft-tissue":[15],"facial":[16,43,55],"asymmetry":[17,52],"was":[18,77],"quantified":[19],"380":[21],"attractive":[22],"(148":[23],"males,":[24,31],"232":[25],"females)":[26,33],"and":[27,51],"669":[28],"control":[29,72],"(397":[30],"272":[32],"healthy":[34],"aged":[36],"4\u201330":[37],"years.":[38],"The":[39,82],"coordinates":[40],"of":[41,61,84,94],"50":[42],"landmarks":[44],"were":[45,68],"collected":[46],"a":[48,59,92],"computerized":[49],"digitizer,":[50],"computed.":[53],"Soft-tissue":[54],"asymmetries":[56],"reduced":[57],"as":[58,91],"function":[60,93],"age":[62],"all":[64],"cases.":[65],"Attractive":[66],"children":[67],"more":[69],"symmetric":[70],"than":[71],"children,":[73],"but":[74],"reverse":[76],"true":[78],"for":[79],"young":[80],"adults.":[81],"effect":[83],"symmetry":[85],"on":[86],"attractiveness":[87],"seems":[88],"to":[89],"change":[90],"age.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}