{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416402822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17112007","title":"Influence of Adverse Pressure Gradient on the Drag Reduction Characteristics of Riblets","display_name":"Influence of Adverse Pressure Gradient on the Drag Reduction Characteristics of Riblets","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416402822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17112007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17112007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17112007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/2007/pdf?version=1763623325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/2007/pdf?version=1763623325","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018053837","display_name":"Qiang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-9927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009067006","display_name":"Peiqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-2173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064026830","display_name":"Hao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-1972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-1972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113748747","display_name":"Fei Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000961512","display_name":"Yuan Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-3696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yankun Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323182","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-7616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064026830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30845644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"2007","last_page":"2007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.8737000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.8737000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12007","display_name":"Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drag","display_name":"Drag","score":0.8353000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-pressure-gradient","display_name":"Adverse pressure gradient","score":0.8327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-gradient","display_name":"Pressure gradient","score":0.7024000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasitic-drag","display_name":"Parasitic drag","score":0.6858000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-layer","display_name":"Boundary layer","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-number","display_name":"Reynolds number","score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-separation","display_name":"Flow separation","score":0.47769999504089355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72921944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Drag","level":2,"score":0.8353000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205634578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686717","display_name":"Adverse pressure gradient","level":4,"score":0.8327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98156149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414143","display_name":"Pressure gradient","level":2,"score":0.7024000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16201104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488092","display_name":"Parasitic drag","level":3,"score":0.6858000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77576233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545856","display_name":"Flow separation","level":3,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72117827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961","display_name":"Drag coefficient","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145244895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Aerodynamic drag","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80264047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Pressure measurement","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151890184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660471","display_name":"Boundary layer thickness","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101677414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81809","display_name":"Surface pressure","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17112007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17112007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/2007/pdf?version=1763623325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17112007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17112007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/2007/pdf?version=1763623325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416402822.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416402822.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,94,135,177],"riblet":[1,197],"surface":[2,51,198],"is":[3,57,83],"a":[4,70,106],"passive":[5],"turbulence":[6],"drag":[7,18,64,75,80,143],"reduction":[8,19,76,81,107,144],"technology":[9],"with":[10,49,209],"promising":[11],"aerospace":[12],"application":[13],"prospects.":[14],"To":[15],"investigate":[16],"the":[17,61,74,79,99,112,120,125,132,142,149,162,191,196,202],"effects":[20],"of":[21,28,65,73,146,169],"riblets":[22],"under":[23,215],"flow":[24],"conditions":[25],"more":[26],"representative":[27],"actual":[29],"aircraft":[30],"surfaces,":[31],"this":[32,155],"study":[33],"establishes":[34],"an":[35],"adverse":[36,100,136,216],"pressure":[37,101,137,217],"gradient":[38,102,138,218],"environment":[39],"at":[40],"moderate-to-high":[41],"Reynolds":[42,152],"numbers.":[43],"Symmetrically":[44],"arranged":[45],"two":[46],"testing":[47],"plates":[48,67],"riblets\u2019":[50],"and":[52,89,111,171,173,183],"smooth":[53],"surface,":[54],"hot-wire":[55],"anemometry":[56],"employed":[58],"to":[59,68,105,141],"measure":[60],"skin":[62],"friction":[63,133],"both":[66],"get":[69],"direct":[71],"measurement":[72,95],"rate.":[77],"And":[78],"mechanism":[82],"analyzed":[84],"through":[85],"burst":[86,181],"events":[87],"detection":[88],"coherent":[90,186],"structure\u2019s":[91],"inclination":[92,188],"angle.":[93],"results":[96],"indicate":[97],"that":[98],"itself":[103],"leads":[104],"in":[108,151,154,180,185,190],"wall":[109,164,207],"friction,":[110,208],"turbulent":[113,192],"boundary":[114,193],"layer":[115,194],"velocity":[116],"profile":[117],"deviates":[118],"from":[119],"standard":[121],"logarithmic":[122],"law,":[123],"rendering":[124],"Clauser":[126],"chart":[127],"method":[128],"unsuitable":[129],"for":[130,205],"estimating":[131],"velocity.":[134],"contributes":[139],"positively":[140],"rate":[145],"riblets,":[147],"while":[148],"increase":[150,184],"number":[153],"experiment":[156],"has":[157],"no":[158],"substantial":[159],"effect.":[160],"For":[161],"near":[163],"structures,":[165],"their":[166],"asymmetrical":[167],"movement":[168],"ejection":[170],"sweep":[172],"investigated":[174],"by":[175],"VITA.":[176],"significant":[178],"decrease":[179],"frequency":[182],"structure":[187],"angle":[189],"over":[195],"are":[199],"identified":[200],"as":[201],"primary":[203],"reasons":[204],"reduced":[206],"these":[210],"changes":[211],"being":[212],"particularly":[213],"pronounced":[214],"conditions.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}