{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416349855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111999","title":"Two-Stage Robust Optimal Configuration of Multi-Energy Microgrid Considering Tiered Carbon Trading and Demand Response","display_name":"Two-Stage Robust Optimal Configuration of Multi-Energy Microgrid Considering Tiered Carbon Trading and Demand Response","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416349855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111999","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1999/pdf?version=1763520457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1999/pdf?version=1763520457","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029695000","display_name":"Xinxin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0019-0791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121691239","display_name":"Beihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/013jjp941","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121691239"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121691239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101697263","display_name":"Yanli Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-429X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121691239","display_name":"Beihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/013jjp941","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121691239"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanli Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121691239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101697263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121691239"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.5558,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85778815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"1999","last_page":"1999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.682699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.682699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.1745000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.04479999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8616999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.6244999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-optimization","display_name":"Robust optimization","score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-capture-and-storage","display_name":"Carbon capture and storage (timeline)","score":0.38920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8616999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.6244999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6189000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193254401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2160088","display_name":"Robust optimization","level":2,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778379663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037942","display_name":"Carbon capture and storage (timeline)","level":3,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187633118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317949","display_name":"Economic dispatch","level":4,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143517461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138571","display_name":"Renewable resource","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111999","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1999/pdf?version=1763520457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111999","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1999/pdf?version=1763520457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327282","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416349855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416349855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988166696","https://openalex.org/W2013227046","https://openalex.org/W2127331687","https://openalex.org/W2143022498","https://openalex.org/W2868102394","https://openalex.org/W2948044939","https://openalex.org/W2962475820","https://openalex.org/W3045913890","https://openalex.org/W3167011066","https://openalex.org/W4206675895","https://openalex.org/W4224248276","https://openalex.org/W4224300816","https://openalex.org/W4282940108","https://openalex.org/W4391732443"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"further":[1],"explore":[2],"the":[3,11,90,100,104,114,125,132,153,164],"potential":[4],"of":[5,13,155,169],"CO2":[6],"emission":[7],"reduction":[8],"and":[9,31,39,42,51,76,96,119,142,166,173],"optimize":[10],"cost":[12],"microgrids,":[14],"a":[15,86],"two-stage":[16,87],"robust":[17,88],"optimization":[18,81],"configuration":[19],"method":[20],"for":[21,163],"multi-energy":[22],"microgrids":[23,170],"is":[24,60,70,83,111],"proposed,":[25],"considering":[26],"uncertainty,":[27],"tiered":[28,56],"carbon":[29,40,53,57,136],"trading,":[30],"demand":[32,68],"response.":[33],"The":[34,80,109],"model":[35,82,110],"incorporates":[36],"power-to-gas":[37],"(P2G)":[38],"capture":[41],"storage":[43],"(CCS)":[44],"technologies":[45],"to":[46,62,72,140,148],"enhance":[47],"renewable":[48,156],"energy":[49],"utilization":[50],"reduce":[52],"emissions.":[54],"A":[55],"trading":[58],"mechanism":[59],"introduced":[61],"penalize":[63],"high":[64],"emissions,":[65],"while":[66,99,151],"incentive-based":[67],"response":[69],"employed":[71],"adjust":[73],"load":[74],"profiles":[75],"improve":[77],"economic":[78,167],"performance.":[79],"formulated":[84],"as":[85],"problem:":[89],"outer":[91],"stage":[92,102],"minimizes":[93],"annual":[94],"investment":[95],"maintenance":[97],"costs,":[98],"inner":[101],"identifies":[103],"worst-case":[105],"scenario":[106],"under":[107],"uncertainties.":[108],"solved":[112],"using":[113],"Column-and-Constraint":[115],"Generation":[116],"(C&amp;CG)":[117],"algorithm":[118],"implemented":[120],"in":[121],"MATLAB":[122],"R2022b":[123],"with":[124,171],"Gourbi":[126],"solver.":[127],"Simulation":[128],"results":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"that":[131],"proposed":[133],"approach":[134],"reduces":[135],"emissions":[137],"by":[138,145],"up":[139],"31.9%":[141],"total":[143],"costs":[144],"3.28%":[146],"compared":[147],"conventional":[149],"configurations,":[150],"increasing":[152],"penetration":[154],"energy.":[157],"This":[158],"study":[159],"provides":[160],"practical":[161],"reference":[162],"low-carbon":[165],"planning":[168],"P2G":[172],"CCS":[174],"integration.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}
