{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415908201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111870","title":"A Collaborative Optimization Strategy for Photovoltaic Array Layout Based on the Lemur Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"A Collaborative Optimization Strategy for Photovoltaic Array Layout Based on the Lemur Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415908201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111870","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087942346","display_name":"Guozhong Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7849-6697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanhong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qianhan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104170720","display_name":"Yangyu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yangyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640040","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-3961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-3961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003594321","display_name":"Zhan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-8016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339629","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-2632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104170720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17802109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"1870","last_page":"1870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.39989998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.39989998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.38749998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.7152000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irradiance","display_name":"Irradiance","score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-irradiance","display_name":"Solar irradiance","score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.41440001130104065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7152000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9695528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556707","display_name":"Solar irradiance","level":2,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168292644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860336","display_name":"Power optimization","level":4,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779844322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919140","display_name":"Tilt (camera)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193254401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2160088","display_name":"Robust optimization","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897769009","https://openalex.org/W2990851238","https://openalex.org/W3001672905","https://openalex.org/W3107772550","https://openalex.org/W3110154804","https://openalex.org/W3111601280","https://openalex.org/W3120639720","https://openalex.org/W3126907133","https://openalex.org/W3167590863","https://openalex.org/W3189907864","https://openalex.org/W3190944948","https://openalex.org/W3195981742","https://openalex.org/W3204548188","https://openalex.org/W4200460791","https://openalex.org/W4220726206","https://openalex.org/W4220906549","https://openalex.org/W4221127860","https://openalex.org/W4280592017","https://openalex.org/W4290717192","https://openalex.org/W4294691160","https://openalex.org/W4294811394","https://openalex.org/W4295832542","https://openalex.org/W4303578926","https://openalex.org/W4313477310","https://openalex.org/W4322628806","https://openalex.org/W4367704552","https://openalex.org/W4378697319","https://openalex.org/W4379046440","https://openalex.org/W4381800835","https://openalex.org/W4386108450","https://openalex.org/W4387650520","https://openalex.org/W4387717632","https://openalex.org/W4387835096","https://openalex.org/W4389262743","https://openalex.org/W4390075394","https://openalex.org/W4390187430","https://openalex.org/W4392939408","https://openalex.org/W4393034166","https://openalex.org/W4393185911","https://openalex.org/W4393640297","https://openalex.org/W4399168863","https://openalex.org/W4399665697","https://openalex.org/W4400679834","https://openalex.org/W4405105455","https://openalex.org/W4408500362","https://openalex.org/W4410296414","https://openalex.org/W4410364183","https://openalex.org/W4410824139"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,133],"performance":[1],"of":[2,44,51,174],"large-scale":[3],"photovoltaic":[4],"(PV)":[5],"power":[6,58],"plants":[7],"is":[8,76,115],"strongly":[9],"influenced":[10],"by":[11],"array":[12,52,67],"layout":[13,53,68,173],"parameters":[14,54],"including":[15],"module":[16],"tilt":[17],"angle,":[18,20],"azimuth":[19],"and":[21,34,41,106,121,139,166],"row":[22],"spacing.":[23],"These":[24],"geometric":[25,94],"variables":[26],"jointly":[27],"determine":[28],"solar":[29],"irradiance":[30,87,93],"geometry,":[31],"shading":[32,92,104],"losses,":[33],"land-use":[35],"efficiency,":[36],"affecting":[37],"annual":[38,153],"energy":[39,154],"yield":[40,155],"levelized":[42],"cost":[43],"electricity.":[45],"To":[46],"achieve":[47],"multi-objective":[48],"comprehensive":[49],"optimization":[50,63,73,160],"for":[55,65,170],"a":[56,61,90],"PV":[57,66,175],"generation":[59],"system,":[60],"collaborative":[62],"strategy":[64],"based":[69,147],"on":[70,148],"the":[71,84,98,112,144,149,158,171],"lemur":[72],"(LO)":[74],"algorithm":[75,114,151],"proposed":[77,145],"in":[78,136],"this":[79],"paper.":[80],"method":[82],"couples":[83],"Perez":[85],"anisotropic":[86],"model":[88,95],"with":[89,157],"dynamic":[91],"to":[96,117],"simulate":[97],"effective":[99],"insolation,":[100],"incorporating":[101],"land":[102],"availability,":[103],"thresholds,":[105],"maintenance":[107],"access":[108],"requirements.":[109],"In":[110],"addition,":[111],"LO":[113,150],"employed":[116],"solve":[118],"resulting":[119],"nonlinear":[120],"constrained":[122],"problems,":[123],"enabling":[124],"an":[125],"efficient":[126],"global":[127],"search":[128],"across":[129],"large":[130],"parameter":[131],"spaces.":[132],"case":[134],"studies":[135],"Lianyungang,":[137],"Dalian,":[138],"Fuzhou":[140],"City":[141],"show":[142],"that":[143],"scheme":[146],"improves":[152],"compared":[156],"existing":[159],"schemes,":[161],"providing":[162],"new":[163],"theoretical":[164],"methods":[165],"engineering":[167],"application":[168],"paths":[169],"optimal":[172],"arrays.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-11-05T00:00:00"}