{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415813231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111838","title":"Cross-System Anomaly Detection in Deep-Sea Submersibles via Coupled Feature Learning","display_name":"Cross-System Anomaly Detection in Deep-Sea Submersibles via Coupled Feature Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415813231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111838","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1838/pdf?version=1762064661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1838/pdf?version=1762064661","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040030853","display_name":"Xing Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Automation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-0420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Automation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080264739","display_name":"Xin Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-8032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Automation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Automation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002568038","display_name":"Chengxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Automation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-6497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Automation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087243472","display_name":"Xiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7047-0559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146364","display_name":"National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center","ror":"https://ror.org/047hznt06","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210146364"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103075298","display_name":"Zhijian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-2331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518122, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-2331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002568038","https://openalex.org/A5040030853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":2.5399,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91169907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"1838","last_page":"1838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.3167000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.3167000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.1428000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.09740000218153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.745199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4180999994277954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.745199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6775000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129364497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042561","display_name":"Prognostics","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111838","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1838/pdf?version=1762064661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111838","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1838/pdf?version=1762064661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6925198680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415813231.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004827518","https://openalex.org/W2017877116","https://openalex.org/W2044533293","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2791139105","https://openalex.org/W2807998075","https://openalex.org/W2885159437","https://openalex.org/W2930999278","https://openalex.org/W2964049407","https://openalex.org/W3045994189","https://openalex.org/W3089028909","https://openalex.org/W3138327325","https://openalex.org/W3173676488","https://openalex.org/W3178367256","https://openalex.org/W3206604724","https://openalex.org/W4283802599","https://openalex.org/W4289792391","https://openalex.org/W4296098306","https://openalex.org/W4321380810","https://openalex.org/W4379983190","https://openalex.org/W4392544739","https://openalex.org/W4392693540","https://openalex.org/W4393241426","https://openalex.org/W4398208143","https://openalex.org/W4399849982","https://openalex.org/W4402124787","https://openalex.org/W4403390851","https://openalex.org/W4413155018"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep-sea":[0],"submersibles,":[1],"often":[2],"featuring":[3],"a":[4,59,81,102,110],"symmetrical":[5],"design":[6,108],"for":[7,189],"hydrodynamic":[8],"stability,":[9],"operate":[10],"as":[11,129],"safety-critical":[12],"systems":[13,97],"in":[14,40,48,211],"extreme":[15],"environments,":[16],"where":[17,204],"the":[18,65,88,93,141,157,166,205],"tight":[19],"dynamic":[20],"coupling":[21,90,124],"between":[22,92],"subsystems":[23],"like":[24],"hydraulics":[25],"and":[26,50,95,112,150,178,185,192,218],"propulsion":[27,96],"creates":[28],"complex":[29],"failure":[30],"modes":[31],"that":[32,85,156],"are":[33],"challenging":[34],"to":[35,72,174],"diagnose.":[36],"A":[37],"localized":[38],"fault":[39,76,176],"one":[41],"system":[42],"can":[43],"propagate,":[44],"inducing":[45],"anomalous":[46],"behavior":[47],"another":[49],"confounding":[51],"conventional":[52],"single-system":[53],"monitoring":[54],"approaches.":[55],"This":[56,106,194],"paper":[57],"introduces":[58],"novel":[60],"unsupervised":[61],"anomaly":[62],"detection":[63],"framework,":[64],"Dual-Stream":[66],"Coupled":[67],"Autoencoder":[68],"(DSC-AE),":[69],"designed":[70],"specifically":[71],"address":[73],"this":[74,122],"cross-system":[75],"challenge.":[77],"Our":[78],"approach":[79],"leverages":[80],"dual-encoder,":[82],"single-decoder":[83],"architecture":[84],"explicitly":[86],"models":[87],"normal":[89],"relationship":[91],"hydraulic":[94],"by":[98,164,200],"forcing":[99],"them":[100],"into":[101],"shared":[103],"latent":[104],"representation.":[105],"architectural":[107],"establishes":[109],"holistic":[111],"accurate":[113],"baseline":[114,209],"of":[115,148],"healthy,":[116],"system-wide":[117],"operation.":[118],"Any":[119],"deviation":[120],"from":[121,140],"learned":[123],"manifold":[125],"is":[126,172,198],"robustly":[127],"identified":[128],"an":[130],"anomaly.":[131],"We":[132],"validate":[133],"our":[134],"model":[135],"using":[136],"real-world":[137],"operational":[138],"data":[139],"deep-sea":[142],"submersible,":[143],"including":[144],"curated":[145],"test":[146],"cases":[147],"intra-system":[149],"inter-system":[151],"faults.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"we":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"proposed":[158],"framework":[159],"offers":[160],"crucial":[161],"diagnostic":[162,196],"interpretability;":[163],"analyzing":[165],"model\u2019s":[167],"reconstruction":[168],"error":[169],"heatmaps,":[170],"it":[171],"possible":[173],"trace":[175],"origins":[177],"their":[179],"subsequent":[180],"propagation":[181],"pathways,":[182],"providing":[183],"intuitive":[184],"actionable":[186],"decision":[187],"support":[188],"submersible":[190],"operation":[191],"maintenance.":[193],"powerful":[195],"capability":[197],"substantiated":[199],"superior":[201],"quantitative":[202],"performance,":[203],"DSC-AE":[206],"significantly":[207],"outperforms":[208],"methods":[210],"detecting":[212],"propagated":[213],"faults,":[214],"achieving":[215],"higher":[216],"accuracy":[217],"recall,":[219],"among":[220],"other":[221],"performance":[222],"metrics.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}
