{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415671726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111818","title":"Multi-Objective Emergency Path Planning Based on Improved Nondominant Sorting Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Multi-Objective Emergency Path Planning Based on Improved Nondominant Sorting Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415671726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111818","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1818/pdf?version=1761727540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1818/pdf?version=1761727540","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109409011","display_name":"Y B. Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64449678","display_name":"Putian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmsxk74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiren Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Data Science, Putian University, Putian 351100, China","College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Data Science, Putian University, Putian 351100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062501830","display_name":"Hang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-9487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64449678","display_name":"Putian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmsxk74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Data Science, Putian University, Putian 351100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-9487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Data Science, Putian University, Putian 351100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082361568","display_name":"Cuiyong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-8735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuiyong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-8735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062501830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9493,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80709572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"1818","last_page":"1818"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.2757999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.2757999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.1761000007390976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.12430000305175781,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.756600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6449000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.602400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.47929999232292175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.756600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6449000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.602400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98638677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067051","display_name":"Mutation rate","level":3,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39847760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385465","display_name":"Extreme point","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111818","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1818/pdf?version=1761727540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111818","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1818/pdf?version=1761727540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1616156579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020J05213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6018342975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62103209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326529","display_name":"Putian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmsxk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415671726.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977319619","https://openalex.org/W1988583014","https://openalex.org/W2125899728","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2939164430","https://openalex.org/W2993471286","https://openalex.org/W3094414499","https://openalex.org/W3125377832","https://openalex.org/W4210664127","https://openalex.org/W4308981848","https://openalex.org/W4321497251","https://openalex.org/W4362611784","https://openalex.org/W4385655289","https://openalex.org/W4391754587","https://openalex.org/W4399996995","https://openalex.org/W4400167558","https://openalex.org/W4401044108","https://openalex.org/W4401487058","https://openalex.org/W4402601324","https://openalex.org/W4403866790","https://openalex.org/W4405704036","https://openalex.org/W4405897609","https://openalex.org/W4406627493","https://openalex.org/W4407686287","https://openalex.org/W4408569875","https://openalex.org/W4409174473","https://openalex.org/W4409732686","https://openalex.org/W4409887471","https://openalex.org/W4410193356","https://openalex.org/W4411104339","https://openalex.org/W4411396528","https://openalex.org/W4412491119"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three-dimensional":[0],"path":[1,38,179,314],"planning":[2,39,315],"in":[3,40,219,266,323],"emergency":[4,36,318],"logistics":[5,31,319],"is":[6,55,126,131,143,148],"a":[7,81,119,177,220,225,253],"complex":[8,76],"optimization":[9,84],"problem,":[10,174],"particularly":[11],"challenging":[12],"because":[13],"it":[14,309],"requires":[15],"considering":[16],"conflicting":[17,69],"objectives":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"flight":[21,210,291],"time,":[22,211],"energy":[23,213],"consumption,":[24],"and":[25,110,167,190,196,212,241,249,271,287],"obstacle":[26,172],"avoidance.":[27],"Unlike":[28],"most":[29,49],"urban":[30],"research,":[32],"this":[33,53,104],"study":[34],"examines":[35],"delivery":[37],"mountainous":[41,221,324],"environments":[42],"during":[43],"natural":[44],"disasters.":[45],"One":[46],"of":[47,102,136,186,198,244,268,317],"the":[48,94,100,108,128,137,145,162,171,184,194,263,276,281,289,313],"effective":[50],"approaches":[51],"to":[52,56,117,133,150],"problem":[54],"employ":[57],"multi-objective":[58,63,82],"evolutionary":[59,236],"algorithms.":[60,237,304],"However,":[61],"while":[62],"genetic":[64,83],"algorithms":[65,265],"can":[66,310],"handle":[67],"multiple":[68],"objectives,":[70],"they":[71],"struggle":[72],"when":[73,140],"dealing":[74],"with":[75,233,275],"constraints.":[77],"This":[78,202],"paper":[79],"proposes":[80],"method,":[85],"Adaptive":[86],"Crossover-Mutation":[87],"Multi-Objective":[88],"Genetic":[89],"Optimization":[90],"(ACM-NSGA-II),":[91],"based":[92,113],"on":[93,114],"classic":[95],"NSGA-II":[96],"framework.":[97],"Inspired":[98],"by":[99,159,285,293],"principle":[101],"symmetry,":[103],"method":[105,246],"dynamically":[106],"adjusts":[107],"mutation":[109,129],"crossover":[111,146],"rates":[112],"population":[115,124,141],"diversity":[116,125,142],"maintain":[118],"balanced":[120],"exploration\u2013exploitation":[121],"trade-off.":[122],"When":[123],"low,":[127],"rate":[130,147],"increased":[132,149],"promote":[134,151],"exploration":[135],"solution":[138],"space;":[139],"high,":[144],"better":[152],"information":[153],"exchange.":[154],"The":[155,215,238,257],"algorithm":[156,203,216],"maintains":[157],"symmetry":[158,185],"gradually":[160],"adjusting":[161],"step":[163],"size,":[164],"balancing":[165],"adaptability":[166],"stability.":[168],"To":[169],"address":[170],"avoidance":[173],"we":[175],"introduced":[176],"dynamic":[178],"repair":[180],"strategy":[181],"that":[182,260,308],"respects":[183],"no-fly":[187],"zone":[188],"boundaries":[189],"terrain":[191],"features,":[192],"ensuring":[193],"safety":[195,208],"efficiency":[197],"Unmanned":[199,320],"Aerial":[200,321],"Vehicles.":[201],"jointly":[204],"optimizes":[205],"three":[206],"objectives:":[207],"cost,":[209],"consumption.":[214],"was":[217,231],"tested":[218],"environment":[222],"model":[223],"simulating":[224],"remote":[226],"area.":[227],"In":[228],"experiments,":[229],"ACM-NSGA-II":[230,261,279,295],"compared":[232,274],"several":[234],"mainstream":[235],"Pareto":[239],"set":[240],"hypervolume":[242,283],"metrics":[243],"each":[245],"were":[247],"recorded":[248],"statistically":[250],"analyzed":[251],"at":[252],"5%":[254],"significance":[255],"level.":[256],"results":[258,306],"show":[259,307],"outperforms":[262],"baseline":[264],"terms":[267],"diversity,":[269],"convergence,":[270],"feasibility.":[272],"Specifically,":[273],"traditional":[277],"NSGA-II,":[278],"improved":[280],"average":[282,290],"metric":[284],"53.39%":[286],"reduced":[288],"time":[292],"24.26%.":[294],"also":[296],"demonstrated":[297],"significant":[298],"advantages":[299],"over":[300],"other":[301],"popular":[302],"standard":[303],"Experimental":[305],"effectively":[311],"solve":[312],"challenge":[316],"Vehicles":[322],"environments.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-07T08:38:57.713557","created_date":"2025-10-29T00:00:00"}
