{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415564673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111805","title":"Symmetry-Guided Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Pipe Leakage Based on Transient Inverse Problem Analysis","display_name":"Symmetry-Guided Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Pipe Leakage Based on Transient Inverse Problem Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415564673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111805","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1805/pdf?version=1761482899","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1805/pdf?version=1761482899","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425864","display_name":"Tianyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-2855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41208885","display_name":"Harbin University of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsxkw25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091844363","display_name":"Ying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5888-7260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41208885","display_name":"Harbin University of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsxkw25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5888-7260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100298335","display_name":"Yuchao Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41208885","display_name":"Harbin University of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsxkw25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084601207","display_name":"Jianfeng Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41208885","display_name":"Harbin University of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsxkw25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Feng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Architecture Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1, Xuehai Street, Harbin 150028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091844363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41208885"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24605571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"1805","last_page":"1805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscoelasticity","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","score":0.7524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leak","display_name":"Leak","score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutive-equation","display_name":"Constitutive equation","score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipe-network-analysis","display_name":"Pipe network analysis","score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-response","display_name":"Transient response","score":0.38089999556541443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186541917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910483","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","level":2,"score":0.7524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349983","display_name":"Leak","level":2,"score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6923999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202973686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937401","display_name":"Constitutive equation","level":3,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157115227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2162400","display_name":"Pipe network analysis","level":2,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85761212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974593","display_name":"Transient response","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205951836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147751","display_name":"Finite difference method","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48753275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11216","display_name":"Numerical analysis","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181330731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068418","display_name":"Finite difference","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128871136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190625","display_name":"Pressure head","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204561356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148018","display_name":"Pipe flow","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33163149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785085","display_name":"Method of characteristics","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98156149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414143","display_name":"Pressure gradient","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018475017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Transient flow","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111805","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1805/pdf?version=1761482899","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17111805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111805","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/11/1805/pdf?version=1761482899","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1316040904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51978202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1436417404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2023E028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6639406997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51978202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415564673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415564673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982118691","https://openalex.org/W1997519361","https://openalex.org/W2007938493","https://openalex.org/W2028994317","https://openalex.org/W2045731813","https://openalex.org/W2053380034","https://openalex.org/W2092125850","https://openalex.org/W2595293687","https://openalex.org/W2626470755","https://openalex.org/W2801684010","https://openalex.org/W2896303277","https://openalex.org/W2996240757","https://openalex.org/W3038080688","https://openalex.org/W3161987189","https://openalex.org/W3185185380","https://openalex.org/W4385699528","https://openalex.org/W4398222400"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"numerical":[3],"simulations":[4],"were":[5,12,124,133],"performed,":[6],"and":[7,24,38,67,87,107,121,149,207,210],"leaks":[8],"in":[9,170,200],"viscoelastic":[10,35,51],"pipelines":[11],"detected.":[13],"Based":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,22,27,34,40,57,64,84,91,96,99,108,130,136,145,154,171,173,184,187,191,198,201,205,211,219],"transient":[17,47,58,76,158],"flow":[18,48,59,77],"equations":[19],"derived":[20],"from":[21],"continuity":[23],"momentum":[25],"equations,":[26],"Kelvin\u2013Voigt":[28],"model":[29,49,146],"was":[30,60,80,105,147],"used":[31],"to":[32,82],"describe":[33],"constitutive":[36],"relationship":[37],"derive":[39],"strain":[41],"equation,":[42],"further":[43],"establishing":[44],"a":[45,167,178],"one-dimensional":[46],"for":[50,75],"pipelines.":[52],"A":[53],"frequency-domain":[54,111,155,188],"analysis":[55,73],"of":[56,98,116,157,186],"performed":[61],"by":[62,89,197],"deriving":[63],"Fourier":[65],"transform":[66],"transfer":[68],"matrix.":[69],"An":[70],"inverse":[71,220],"problem":[72,221],"method":[74],"leak":[78,85,123,168,174,192,208,212],"detection":[79],"proposed":[81,100],"identify":[83],"location":[86],"rate":[88],"minimizing":[90],"objective":[92],"function.":[93],"To":[94],"verify":[95],"effectiveness":[97],"model,":[101],"an":[102],"experimental":[103,119,131],"platform":[104],"built,":[106],"pressure":[109,159],"head":[110],"data":[112,132,138],"under":[113,139],"working":[114],"conditions":[115],"no":[117],"leak,":[118,120],"simulated":[122,137],"compared.":[125],"The":[126],"results":[127],"showed":[128],"that":[129,144],"consistent":[134],"with":[135],"leakage":[140],"conditions,":[141,153,209],"thus":[142],"proving":[143],"accurate":[148],"reliable.":[150],"Under":[151],"leak-free":[152],"characteristics":[156],"waves":[160],"exhibit":[161],"significant":[162],"symmetrical":[163],"features,":[164],"whereas":[165],"when":[166],"exists":[169],"pipeline,":[172],"point":[175,193],"acts":[176],"as":[177],"localized":[179],"non-uniform":[180],"disturbance":[181],"source,":[182],"disrupting":[183],"symmetry":[185],"characteristics.":[189],"Moreover,":[190],"can":[194,214],"be":[195,215],"determined":[196],"difference":[199],"peak":[202],"heights":[203],"between":[204],"no-leak":[206],"parameters":[213],"accurately":[216],"identified":[217],"using":[218],"method.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}