{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414930239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101682","title":"Initial-Offset-Control and Amplitude Regulation in Memristive Neural Network","display_name":"Initial-Offset-Control and Amplitude Regulation in Memristive Neural Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414930239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17101682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/10/1682/pdf?version=1759890387","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/10/1682/pdf?version=1759890387","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031810565","display_name":"Hua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-2808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128418","display_name":"Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fnv7n42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-2808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629362","display_name":"Haijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-9662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128418","display_name":"Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fnv7n42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399731","display_name":"Wenhui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-7782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128418","display_name":"Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fnv7n42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065066963","display_name":"Suling Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128418","display_name":"Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fnv7n42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0462-5266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, No. 3601 Honhjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211171, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031810565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23512975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"1682","last_page":"1682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multistability","display_name":"Multistability","score":0.7858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractor","display_name":"Attractor","score":0.7646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.7177000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.6883000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4715999960899353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776966350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935096","display_name":"Multistability","level":3,"score":0.7858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.7646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7177000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.6883000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73586568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2600211","display_name":"Parameter space","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4904824","display_name":"Bifurcation","level":3,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33766855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189618","display_name":"Physical neural network","level":5,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123757187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9195957","display_name":"Network dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151342819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62542","display_name":"Phase space","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17101682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/10/1682/pdf?version=1759890387","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17101682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101682","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/10/1682/pdf?version=1759890387","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325416","display_name":"Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fnv7n42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414930239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414930239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W960007670","https://openalex.org/W1602558726","https://openalex.org/W1974899890","https://openalex.org/W1997761795","https://openalex.org/W2011332780","https://openalex.org/W2020625830","https://openalex.org/W2063357061","https://openalex.org/W2117450642","https://openalex.org/W2159543793","https://openalex.org/W2162651880","https://openalex.org/W2746603780","https://openalex.org/W2786167326","https://openalex.org/W2883260865","https://openalex.org/W2890653437","https://openalex.org/W2920162715","https://openalex.org/W2944548960","https://openalex.org/W3114337557","https://openalex.org/W3129481268","https://openalex.org/W3168397396","https://openalex.org/W3186930505","https://openalex.org/W4303644975","https://openalex.org/W4322744505","https://openalex.org/W4324056850","https://openalex.org/W4324092353","https://openalex.org/W4381415997","https://openalex.org/W4383903978","https://openalex.org/W4385623295","https://openalex.org/W4387973568","https://openalex.org/W4391575451","https://openalex.org/W4393098620","https://openalex.org/W4393253019","https://openalex.org/W4400310860","https://openalex.org/W4403276821","https://openalex.org/W4403534302","https://openalex.org/W4404411652","https://openalex.org/W4412430701","https://openalex.org/W4413006861","https://openalex.org/W4413305821","https://openalex.org/W4413956589"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"Hopfield":[1],"neural":[2,57],"networks":[3],"(HNNs)":[4],"suffer":[5],"from":[6],"limitations":[7],"in":[8,18,84,130],"generating":[9],"controllable":[10],"chaotic":[11,80,109,179],"dynamics,":[12],"which":[13],"are":[14],"essential":[15],"for":[16,181],"applications":[17],"neuromorphic":[19],"computing":[20],"and":[21,94,133,155],"secure":[22],"communications.":[23],"Memristors,":[24],"with":[25],"their":[26],"memory-dependent":[27],"nonlinear":[28],"characteristics,":[29],"provide":[30],"a":[31,52,159,177],"promising":[32],"approach":[33],"to":[34,78,89,139,171],"regulate":[35],"neuronal":[36],"activities,":[37],"yet":[38],"systematic":[39],"studies":[40],"on":[41],"attractor":[42,119],"offset":[43,122,135,156,170],"behaviors":[44,123],"remain":[45],"scarce.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"fully":[53],"memristive":[54],"electromagnetic":[55,66],"radiation":[56],"network":[58],"by":[59],"incorporating":[60],"three":[61],"distinct":[62],"memristors":[63,75],"as":[64],"external":[65],"stimuli":[67],"into":[68],"an":[69,148],"HNN.":[70],"The":[71,98],"parameters":[72],"of":[73,108,118],"the":[74,102,168],"were":[76,87,144],"tuned":[77],"modulate":[79],"oscillations,":[81],"while":[82],"variations":[83],"initial":[85],"conditions":[86],"employed":[88],"explore":[90],"multistability":[91],"through":[92],"bifurcation":[93],"basin":[95],"stability":[96],"analyses.":[97],"results":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"that":[101,137],"system":[103],"enables":[104],"large-scale":[105],"amplitude":[106,154],"control":[107],"signals":[110],"via":[111],"memristor":[112],"parameter":[113],"adjustments,":[114],"allowing":[115],"arbitrary":[116],"scaling":[117],"amplitudes.":[120],"Various":[121],"emerge,":[124],"including":[125],"parameter-driven":[126],"symmetric":[127],"double-scroll":[128],"relocations":[129],"phase":[131],"space":[132],"initial-condition-induced":[134],"boosting":[136],"leads":[138],"extreme":[140],"multistability.":[141],"These":[142],"dynamics":[143],"experimentally":[145],"validated":[146],"using":[147],"STM32-based":[149],"electronic":[150],"circuit,":[151],"confirming":[152],"precise":[153],"control.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"multi-channel":[160],"pseudo-random":[161],"number":[162],"generator":[163],"(PRNG)":[164],"was":[165],"implemented,":[166],"leveraging":[167],"initial-boosted":[169],"enhance":[172],"security":[173],"entropy.":[174],"This":[175],"offers":[176],"hardware-efficient":[178],"solution":[180],"encrypted":[182],"communication":[183],"systems,":[184],"demonstrating":[185],"strong":[186],"application":[187],"potential.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}