{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414155447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17091489","title":"Transformer-Driven GAN for High-Fidelity Edge Clutter Generation with Spatiotemporal Joint Perception","display_name":"Transformer-Driven GAN for High-Fidelity Edge Clutter Generation with Spatiotemporal Joint Perception","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414155447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17091489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17091489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17091489","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/9/1489/pdf?version=1757384339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/9/1489/pdf?version=1757384339","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107658837","display_name":"Xiaoya Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoya Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113152516","display_name":"Junbin Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068658278","display_name":"Weiliang Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-0706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022965329","display_name":"Anqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-4892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331674","display_name":"Xu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-5816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China","Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056838798","display_name":"Chao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-6869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112997458","display_name":"Cheng Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058789711","display_name":"Mingliang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-4435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004060021","display_name":"Xueyong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6429-659X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118099","display_name":"China Design Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02mnaa826","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Information Control Research Academy Group Company Limited, Nanjing 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Information Control Research Academy Group Company Limited, Nanjing 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056838798","https://openalex.org/A5112997458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3033081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"1489","last_page":"1489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.38929998874664307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7318000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51196962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966352","display_name":"Stationary target indication","level":5,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162416716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446180","display_name":"Moving target indication","level":5,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985909886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193147","display_name":"Spatial coherence","level":3,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17091489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17091489","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/9/1489/pdf?version=1757384339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17091489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17091489","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/9/1489/pdf?version=1757384339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5955531598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30923010933","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G902245180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414155447.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009953892","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2100057205","https://openalex.org/W2130634246","https://openalex.org/W2137887410","https://openalex.org/W2145384550","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2150629129","https://openalex.org/W2159887279","https://openalex.org/W2162257066","https://openalex.org/W2396587118","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2767137631","https://openalex.org/W2789766190","https://openalex.org/W2789979367","https://openalex.org/W2793339793","https://openalex.org/W2911656941","https://openalex.org/W2913320283","https://openalex.org/W2978375926","https://openalex.org/W2981732294","https://openalex.org/W3013196492","https://openalex.org/W3015338123","https://openalex.org/W3017048416","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3036167779","https://openalex.org/W3084358560","https://openalex.org/W3095145036","https://openalex.org/W3166513219","https://openalex.org/W3208261121","https://openalex.org/W3208352889","https://openalex.org/W4213397551","https://openalex.org/W4221100283","https://openalex.org/W4291415180","https://openalex.org/W4312722434","https://openalex.org/W4315491145","https://openalex.org/W4324291260","https://openalex.org/W4360884927","https://openalex.org/W4385470587","https://openalex.org/W4396690535","https://openalex.org/W4399347008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313443006","https://openalex.org/W2945374968","https://openalex.org/W4293777179","https://openalex.org/W4385452045","https://openalex.org/W2164070813","https://openalex.org/W2135608140","https://openalex.org/W2895525995","https://openalex.org/W2332512904","https://openalex.org/W4224231624","https://openalex.org/W2319626700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"sea":[1,43],"clutter":[2,7,32,44,125],"modeling":[3],"is":[4],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,42],"suppression":[8],"in":[9,126,166],"edge":[10,15],"radar":[11,16],"processing.":[12],"On":[13],"resource-constrained":[14],"platforms,":[17],"spatiotemporal":[18,76,133],"statistics,":[19],"together":[20],"with":[21,99,113,123],"device-level":[22],"computation":[23],"and":[24,60,81,109,132,157,163],"memory":[25],"limits,":[26],"hinder":[27],"the":[28,93,96,116,150,160,169],"learning":[29],"of":[30,49,95,155,168],"representative":[31],"features.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"presents":[36],"a":[37,66,73,103,120,138],"transformer-based":[38],"generative":[39],"adversarial":[40],"model":[41,118],"modeling.":[45],"The":[46,145],"core":[47],"design":[48],"this":[50],"work":[51],"uses":[52],"axial":[53],"attention":[54,68],"to":[55,91],"factorize":[56],"self-attention":[57],"along":[58],"pulse":[59],"range,":[61],"preserving":[62],"long-range":[63],"dependencies":[64],"under":[65],"reduced":[67],"cost.":[69],"It":[70],"also":[71],"introduces":[72],"two-dimensional":[74],"variable-length":[75],"window":[77],"that":[78,149],"retains":[79],"temporal":[80],"spatial":[82],"coherence":[83],"across":[84],"observation":[85],"lengths.":[86],"Extensive":[87],"experiments":[88],"are":[89],"conducted":[90],"verify":[92],"efficacy":[94],"proposed":[97,117,151],"method":[98,152],"quantitative":[100],"criteria,":[101],"including":[102],"cosine":[104],"similarity":[105,170],"score,":[106],"spectral-parameter":[107],"error,":[108],"amplitude\u2013distribution":[110],"distances.":[111],"Compared":[112],"CNN-based":[114],"GAN,":[115],"achieves":[119,153],"high":[121],"consistency":[122],"real":[124],"marginal":[127],"amplitude":[128],"distributions,":[129],"spectral":[130],"characteristics,":[131],"correlation":[134],"patterns,":[135],"while":[136],"incurring":[137],"lower":[139],"cost":[140],"than":[141],"standard":[142],"multi-head":[143],"self-attention.":[144],"experimental":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"improvements":[154],"9.22%":[156],"7.8%":[158],"over":[159],"traditional":[161],"AR":[162],"WaveGAN":[164],"methods":[165],"terms":[167],"metric,":[171],"respectively.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}