{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413352850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081362","title":"Divide-and-Merge Parallel Hierarchical Ensemble DNNs with Local Knowledge Augmentation","display_name":"Divide-and-Merge Parallel Hierarchical Ensemble DNNs with Local Knowledge Augmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413352850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17081362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/8/1362/pdf?version=1755685741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/8/1362/pdf?version=1755685741","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059722188","display_name":"Zhibin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-7609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192209268","display_name":"Shaoxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/0435tej63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101237293","display_name":"Shuai Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management & Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management & Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085652703","display_name":"Kaining Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaining Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management & Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management & Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103027601","display_name":"Jie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192209268","display_name":"Shaoxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/0435tej63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021456147","display_name":"Xiongtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-3456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiongtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management & Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management & Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021456147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10118882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"1362","last_page":"1362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.7725906372070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7502585649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3672410249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2817215919494629}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.7725906372070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7502585649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3672410249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2817215919494629}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17081362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/8/1362/pdf?version=1755685741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17081362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/8/1362/pdf?version=1755685741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2520706485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4865820007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5124036227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5356171296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5950435340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G59910293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G624635176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LQ22F020024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6814605792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LQ22F020024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7364969457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y202248951","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7707381734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY23F020007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8204789529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY23F020007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G827174416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y202248951","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413352850.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413352850.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W1980713635","https://openalex.org/W2008185823","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2039617089","https://openalex.org/W2042031583","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2134408600","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2139622435","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2158054309","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2182722412","https://openalex.org/W2248620004","https://openalex.org/W2319748043","https://openalex.org/W2344138609","https://openalex.org/W2471161958","https://openalex.org/W2518659603","https://openalex.org/W2520599539","https://openalex.org/W2622612680","https://openalex.org/W2738226240","https://openalex.org/W2772889325","https://openalex.org/W2807793257","https://openalex.org/W2836347898","https://openalex.org/W2890126432","https://openalex.org/W2940902102","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W3014975538","https://openalex.org/W3035456857","https://openalex.org/W3037511330","https://openalex.org/W3081318531","https://openalex.org/W3110470343","https://openalex.org/W3111579133","https://openalex.org/W3134020713","https://openalex.org/W3163353708","https://openalex.org/W3184401274","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W4225611039","https://openalex.org/W4365420842","https://openalex.org/W4408609699","https://openalex.org/W4409019386","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6775727785","https://openalex.org/W6877876069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4234886518","https://openalex.org/W2389591058","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2382112581","https://openalex.org/W3124036233","https://openalex.org/W4229787472","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"deep":[1,86,217,253],"neural":[2,28],"networks":[3],"(DNNs)":[4],"often":[5],"suffer":[6],"from":[7,132,159,174],"a":[8,22,45,68,109,185,203,215,258],"time-consuming":[9],"training":[10],"process,":[11],"which":[12,264],"is":[13,77,94,101,247],"restricted":[14],"by":[15],"accumulation":[16],"of":[17,25,84,111,115,139,188,237],"excessive":[18],"network":[19],"layers":[20],"and":[21,82,129,157,252,268],"large":[23],"amount":[24],"parameters.":[26],"More":[27,220],"units":[29],"are":[30,146,199,211,230],"required":[31],"to":[32,35,79,153,201,213,232,249,261],"be":[33,121,262],"stacked":[34,212],"achieve":[36],"desirable":[37],"performance.":[38],"Specifically,":[39],"when":[40],"dealing":[41],"with":[42],"large-scale":[43,99,216],"datasets,":[44],"single":[46],"DNN":[47],"can":[48,120],"hardly":[49],"obtain":[50],"the":[51,55,62,85,89,98,112,116,133,136,143,149,166,170,181,192,223,227,234,238,245],"best":[52],"performance":[53],"on":[54],"available":[56],"limited":[57],"computing":[58],"resources.":[59],"To":[60],"address":[61],"issues":[63],"above,":[64],"in":[65,142,226],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"novel":[69],"Parallel":[70],"Hierarchical":[71],"Ensemble":[72],"Deep":[73],"Neural":[74],"Network":[75],"(PH-E-DNN)":[76],"proposed":[78,239],"improve":[80],"accuracy":[81],"efficiency":[83,267],"network.":[87,219],"Firstly,":[88],"fuzzy":[90,113],"C-means":[91],"algorithm":[92],"(FCM)":[93],"adopted":[95],"so":[96],"that":[97,244],"dataset":[100],"separated":[102],"into":[103],"several":[104,118],"small":[105],"data":[106,127],"partitions.":[107],"As":[108],"benefit":[110],"partitioning":[114],"FCM,":[117],"sub-models":[119,210],"obtained":[122],"through":[123],"learning":[124,254],"their":[125],"respective":[126],"partitions":[128],"isolating":[130],"them":[131],"others.":[134],"Secondly,":[135],"prediction":[137],"results":[138],"each":[140,160,175],"sub-model":[141],"current":[144],"level":[145,161,176,229],"used":[147],"as":[148],"discriminative":[150,189],"knowledge":[151,190],"appended":[152],"original":[154],"regional":[155,197],"subsets,":[156],"predictions":[158,173],"symmetrically":[162,177],"augment":[163,178],"inputs":[164,179],"for":[165,180],"next":[167,182],"level.":[168],"In":[169],"PH-E-DNN":[171,246],"architecture,":[172],"level,":[183],"creating":[184],"symmetrical":[186],"flow":[187],"across":[191],"hierarchical":[193],"structure.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"multiple":[196,224],"subsets":[198],"merged":[200],"form":[202],"global":[204],"augmented":[205],"dataset,":[206],"while":[207],"multi-level":[208],"parallel":[209],"organize":[214],"ensemble":[218],"importantly,":[221],"only":[222,256],"DNNs":[225],"last":[228],"ensembled":[231],"generate":[233],"decision":[235],"result":[236],"PH-E-DNN.":[240],"Extensive":[241],"experiments":[242],"demonstrate":[243],"superior":[248],"some":[250],"traditional":[251],"models,":[255],"requiring":[257],"few":[259],"parameters":[260],"set,":[263],"demonstrates":[265],"its":[266],"flexibility.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
