{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413283236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081350","title":"A Lightweight Batch Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme Based on Fog Computing for VANETs","display_name":"A Lightweight Batch Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme Based on Fog Computing for VANETs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413283236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17081350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081350","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106423385","display_name":"Lihui Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3039-1624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101401721","display_name":"Huacheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-2947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huacheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448208","display_name":"Song Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-8502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721938","display_name":"Jianming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-6049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435617","display_name":"Chi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8277-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science and Artifical Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science and Artifical Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12901303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"1350","last_page":"1350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7973862886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6497698426246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5486676096916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46044620871543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3599802553653717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2942664921283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07414770126342773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7973862886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6497698426246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5486676096916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46044620871543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3599802553653717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2942664921283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07414770126342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17081350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17081350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3975062600","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u534f\u8bae\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4473679668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZG2024013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8924472112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZG2023028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013613592","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2159691338","https://openalex.org/W2506201965","https://openalex.org/W2582312183","https://openalex.org/W2594535555","https://openalex.org/W2604187483","https://openalex.org/W2741258454","https://openalex.org/W2772594442","https://openalex.org/W2799690280","https://openalex.org/W2804658645","https://openalex.org/W2920780305","https://openalex.org/W2952103830","https://openalex.org/W2979779867","https://openalex.org/W3005206852","https://openalex.org/W3008280541","https://openalex.org/W3017170021","https://openalex.org/W3020437188","https://openalex.org/W3089072101","https://openalex.org/W3106679872","https://openalex.org/W3132316331","https://openalex.org/W3148186433","https://openalex.org/W3170680081","https://openalex.org/W3215217041","https://openalex.org/W4205705709","https://openalex.org/W4367016887","https://openalex.org/W4387587676","https://openalex.org/W4391759664","https://openalex.org/W4394674274","https://openalex.org/W4394910875","https://openalex.org/W4402401792","https://openalex.org/W4405812143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W1522862521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,144],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"fog-based":[3],"vehicular":[4],"ad":[5],"hoc":[6],"networks":[7],"(VANETs)":[8],"have":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,54,63,135,148,186,228],"hot":[12],"research":[13],"topic.":[14],"Due":[15],"to":[16,98],"the":[17,99,124,156,161,165,175,194,198,238,242],"inherent":[18],"insecurity":[19],"of":[20,57,84,101,127,150,188,197,247,261],"open":[21],"wireless":[22],"channels":[23],"between":[24],"vehicles":[25,58,151,184],"and":[26,94,109,116,207,216,226,244],"fog":[27,142,158,166],"nodes,":[28],"establishing":[29],"session":[30,180],"keys":[31,181],"through":[32],"authenticated":[33],"key":[34],"agreement":[35],"(AKA)":[36],"protocols":[37],"is":[38],"critically":[39],"important":[40],"for":[41,123,182,231],"securing":[42],"communications.":[43],"However,":[44],"existing":[45,67,256],"AKA":[46,60,89,138,153],"schemes":[47,68,90],"face":[48],"several":[49],"critical":[50],"challenges:":[51],"(1)":[52],"When":[53],"large":[55],"number":[56],"initiate":[59],"requests":[61,71,152,170],"within":[62,160],"short":[64],"time":[65,163],"window,":[66],"that":[69,237,252],"process":[70],"one":[72,74],"by":[73,185],"individually":[75],"incur":[76,91],"severe":[77],"signaling":[78],"congestion,":[79],"resulting":[80],"in":[81,259],"significant":[82],"quality":[83],"service":[85],"degradation.":[86],"(2)":[87],"Many":[88],"excessive":[92],"computational":[93,215],"communication":[95,217],"overheads":[96],"due":[97],"adoption":[100],"computationally":[102],"intensive":[103],"cryptographic":[104,209],"primitives":[105],"(e.g.,":[106],"bilinear":[107],"pairings":[108],"scalar":[110],"multiplications":[111],"on":[112,141],"elliptic":[113],"curve":[114],"groups)":[115],"unreasonable":[117],"design":[118],"choices,":[119],"making":[120],"them":[121],"unsuitable":[122],"low-latency":[125],"requirements":[126,246],"VANETs.":[128,248],"To":[129],"address":[130],"these":[131,169],"issues,":[132],"we":[133],"propose":[134],"lightweight":[136,208],"batch":[137],"scheme":[139,203,221,240,254],"based":[140],"computing.":[143],"our":[145,202,220,253],"scheme,":[146],"when":[147],"group":[149],"sessions":[154],"with":[155,172],"same":[157],"node":[159,167],"set":[162],"interval,":[164],"aggregates":[168],"and,":[171],"assistance":[173],"from":[174],"traffic":[176],"control":[177],"center,":[178],"establishes":[179],"all":[183],"round":[187],"operations.":[189],"It":[190],"has":[191],"significantly":[192,212],"reduced":[193],"operational":[195],"complexity":[196],"entire":[199],"system.":[200],"Moreover,":[201],"employs":[204],"Lagrange":[205],"interpolation":[206],"tools,":[210],"thereby":[211],"reducing":[213],"both":[214],"overheads.":[218],"Additionally,":[219],"supports":[222],"conditional":[223],"privacy":[224,245],"preservation":[225],"includes":[227],"revocation":[229],"mechanism":[230],"malicious":[232],"vehicles.":[233],"Security":[234],"analysis":[235],"demonstrates":[236],"proposed":[239],"meets":[241],"security":[243],"Performance":[249],"evaluation":[250],"indicates":[251],"outperforms":[255],"state-of-the-art":[257],"solutions":[258],"terms":[260],"efficiency.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
