{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412097299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071084","title":"Symmetry-Informed Optimization and Verification of Loader Working Device Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Symmetry-Informed Optimization and Verification of Loader Working Device Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412097299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1084/pdf?version=1751883591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1084/pdf?version=1751883591","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059254299","display_name":"Zhikui Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-904X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhikui Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030900199","display_name":"Lingchao Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingchao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102993448","display_name":"Song Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-6466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035977310","display_name":"Zixian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-787X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014943042","display_name":"Long Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-6869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033039852","display_name":"Yunyun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongkuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101533080","display_name":"Huibin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-3719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huibin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676821","display_name":"Menglong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2363-1511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059254299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.4343,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58162798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1084","last_page":"1084"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9158999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9158999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loader","display_name":"Loader","score":0.7727952003479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6205812096595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.5586768984794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48434412479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4550333023071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18997722864151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18192991614341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10391581058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06999906897544861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650550","display_name":"Loader","level":2,"score":0.7727952003479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6205812096595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5586768984794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48434412479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4550333023071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18997722864151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18192991614341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10391581058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06999906897544861}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1084/pdf?version=1751883591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1084/pdf?version=1751883591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324869","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412097299.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412097299.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1941048984","https://openalex.org/W2085815103","https://openalex.org/W2374100474","https://openalex.org/W2560939821","https://openalex.org/W2608384270","https://openalex.org/W6640517747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2365193102","https://openalex.org/W2343312170","https://openalex.org/W2392969333","https://openalex.org/W2380220463","https://openalex.org/W2745521454","https://openalex.org/W2363418592","https://openalex.org/W2061615910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,198],"translation":[1],"of":[2,10,75,87,124,137,158,210,219,230,248],"motion":[3,37,80,107],"lift,":[4],"as":[5,23,59],"an":[6,116],"important":[7],"performance":[8,39,209,246],"metric":[9],"a":[11,84,163,191,237],"reversing":[12,89],"six-link":[13,90],"loader":[14,249],"working":[15,250],"device,":[16],"is":[17,40,92,119,146,178],"influenced":[18],"by":[19,155],"multiple":[20],"factors,":[21],"such":[22],"the":[24,35,45,49,53,57,60,73,79,88,102,105,110,122,127,134,138,149,156,160,183,187,195,202,207,211,216,220,225,231,243],"mechanical":[25],"structure,":[26],"system":[27],"components,":[28],"and":[29,48,56,66,98,101,109,133,152,171,213,228,239],"operational":[30],"experience.":[31],"To":[32],"ensure":[33],"that":[34,167,201],"loader\u2019s":[36],"lift":[38,81],"optimized,":[41],"this":[42],"paper":[43],"takes":[44],"fork":[46,131,212],"trajectory":[47,108],"horizontal":[50,135,217],"angle":[51,112,136,218],"between":[52],"bucket":[54,139],"cylinder":[55,221],"ground":[58],"main":[61],"optimization":[62,68,117,196,247],"objectives.":[63],"Kinematic":[64],"modeling":[65],"multi-objective":[67,143,245],"are":[69,113],"conducted":[70],"to":[71,181],"reduce":[72],"influence":[74],"external":[76],"factors":[77],"on":[78,95],"process.":[82],"Firstly,":[83],"parametric":[85],"model":[86,118],"mechanism":[91],"established":[93],"based":[94],"its":[96],"geometric":[97],"symmetric":[99],"characteristics,":[100],"expressions":[103],"for":[104,148,242],"fork\u2019s":[106],"cylinder\u2013ground":[111],"derived.":[114],"Then,":[115],"constructed":[120],"with":[121],"aim":[123],"minimizing":[125],"both":[126],"translational":[128,208],"error":[129],"during":[130],"lifting":[132],"cylinder.":[140],"An":[141],"improved":[142],"genetic":[144],"algorithm":[145,161],"employed":[147],"global":[150],"search":[151,165],"optimization.":[153],"Inspired":[154],"principle":[157],"symmetry,":[159],"incorporates":[162],"structured":[164],"strategy":[166],"enhances":[168],"convergence":[169],"efficiency":[170],"solution":[172,185],"balance.":[173],"A":[174],"multi-criteria":[175],"decision":[176],"function":[177],"further":[179],"applied":[180],"identify":[182],"optimal":[184],"from":[186],"Pareto":[188],"front.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"real-vehicle":[192],"experiment":[193],"validates":[194],"results.":[197],"findings":[199],"confirm":[200],"proposed":[203],"method":[204],"significantly":[205],"improves":[206],"effectively":[214],"controls":[215],"while":[222],"also":[223],"enhancing":[224],"driver\u2019s":[226],"visibility":[227],"coordination":[229],"entire":[232],"system.":[233],"These":[234],"results":[235],"provide":[236],"theoretical":[238],"engineering":[240],"basis":[241],"symmetry-informed":[244],"devices.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-24T07:32:12.397491","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
