{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412016187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071057","title":"Dynamics and Confinement Characteristics of the Last Closed Surface in a Levitated Dipole Configuration","display_name":"Dynamics and Confinement Characteristics of the Last Closed Surface in a Levitated Dipole Configuration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412016187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1057/pdf?version=1751599923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1057/pdf?version=1751599923","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434574","display_name":"Zhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-9986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416765","display_name":"Teng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-1703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geophysics and Measurement and Control Technology, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geophysics and Measurement and Control Technology, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022940980","display_name":"Shuyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-156X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102751379","display_name":"Junjie Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-5450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060270847","display_name":"Guoshu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5873-4749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoshu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330105, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060270847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.7239,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86202755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1057","last_page":"1057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.5723000764846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole","display_name":"Dipole","score":0.5567987561225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4777642488479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.47285178303718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2653277814388275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19353023171424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.10675394535064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10068905353546143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.5723000764846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.5567987561225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4777642488479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.47285178303718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2653277814388275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19353023171424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10675394535064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10068905353546143}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1057/pdf?version=1751599923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1057/pdf?version=1751599923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5661900212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DHSQT22021001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G706880924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12105042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7327409615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22021001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8229593262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20192ACB80006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412016187.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412016187.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63731350","https://openalex.org/W328970589","https://openalex.org/W1864917326","https://openalex.org/W1968309568","https://openalex.org/W1979434844","https://openalex.org/W1992088569","https://openalex.org/W2013180834","https://openalex.org/W2040964072","https://openalex.org/W2057553021","https://openalex.org/W2058161160","https://openalex.org/W2079218335","https://openalex.org/W2092546684","https://openalex.org/W2142696454","https://openalex.org/W2153639713","https://openalex.org/W2170217500","https://openalex.org/W2503793705","https://openalex.org/W2537820677","https://openalex.org/W2578667165","https://openalex.org/W2590849459","https://openalex.org/W3103613516","https://openalex.org/W3106410002","https://openalex.org/W3117505265","https://openalex.org/W4200275646","https://openalex.org/W4214633802","https://openalex.org/W4214727852","https://openalex.org/W4393867573","https://openalex.org/W4410788068","https://openalex.org/W6724549478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036","https://openalex.org/W2271181815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,6,16,41,49,54,69,77,94,97,112],"magnetic":[3,80],"configuration":[4],"of":[5,19,88,121],"China":[7],"Astro-Torus-1":[8],"(CAT-1)":[9],"levitated":[10],"dipole":[11],"device,":[12],"this":[13],"study":[14,100],"investigated":[15],"confinement":[17,126],"performance":[18],"common":[20],"discharge":[21],"gas":[22],"ions":[23],"under":[24],"E":[25],"\u00d7":[26],"B":[27],"transverse":[28],"transport":[29],"conditions":[30],"induced":[31],"by":[32],"electric":[33],"fields.":[34],"By":[35],"adjusting":[36],"L-coil":[37],"parameters":[38],"to":[39,90],"shift":[40],"inject":[42],"location,":[43],"it":[44],"was":[45],"found":[46],"that":[47,102],"when":[48],"loss":[50,117],"boundary":[51],"is":[52],"in":[53],"outer":[55],"weak-field":[56],"region,":[57],"most":[58],"particles":[59,72,83],"with":[60,68,73],"large":[61,74],"Larmor":[62],"radii":[63],"are":[64],"lost":[65,92],"after":[66],"colliding":[67],"wall,":[70],"for":[71,103],"pitch":[75],"angles,":[76],"strongly":[78],"anisotropic":[79],"field":[81],"causes":[82],"across":[84],"a":[85,116],"broad":[86],"range":[87],"energies":[89,106],"be":[91],"through":[93],"X-point":[95],"into":[96],"divertor.":[98],"The":[99],"demonstrates":[101],"particle":[104],"kinetic":[105],"between":[107],"100":[108],"and":[109],"300":[110],"eV,":[111],"CAT-1":[113],"device":[114],"exhibits":[115],"cone":[118],"angle":[119],"\u03b8loss":[120],"approximately":[122],"58\u00b0,":[123],"indicating":[124],"favorable":[125],"performance.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
