{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411827505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071025","title":"A Bridge Defect Detection Algorithm Based on UGMB Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Fusion","display_name":"A Bridge Defect Detection Algorithm Based on UGMB Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Fusion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411827505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1025/pdf?version=1751273575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1025/pdf?version=1751273575","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325500","display_name":"Haiyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675045","display_name":"Chao Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-6141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437602","display_name":"Ao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4379-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729752","display_name":"Yilin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8637-7428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064290583","display_name":"Guxue Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4059-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guxue Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103274900","display_name":"Zichen Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2558-7815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043467581","display_name":"Tongtong Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongtong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983923","display_name":"Nuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-0749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an 223003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064290583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.7009,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82919167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1025","last_page":"1025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.629676103591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5966638326644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.571384072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5372922420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45069390535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4490828216075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.4441555440425873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.417540043592453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4030578136444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.0902666449546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08753806352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.0538543164730072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.629676103591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5966638326644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.571384072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5372922420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45069390535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4490828216075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4441555440425873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.417540043592453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4030578136444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0902666449546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08753806352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0538543164730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1025/pdf?version=1751273575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1025/pdf?version=1751273575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411827505.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411827505.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006141258","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2144801789","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2567070169","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2963351113","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2982057372","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3080613661","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4214703423","https://openalex.org/W4224144381","https://openalex.org/W4226334005","https://openalex.org/W4295215045","https://openalex.org/W4307266403","https://openalex.org/W4323268376","https://openalex.org/W4327740416","https://openalex.org/W4362606112","https://openalex.org/W4365421063","https://openalex.org/W4378086556","https://openalex.org/W4381298600","https://openalex.org/W4384523418","https://openalex.org/W4386747932","https://openalex.org/W4388838070","https://openalex.org/W4391427613","https://openalex.org/W4394593191","https://openalex.org/W4398756379","https://openalex.org/W4401202023","https://openalex.org/W4401896353","https://openalex.org/W4402979889","https://openalex.org/W4405190420","https://openalex.org/W4405907339","https://openalex.org/W4407128922","https://openalex.org/W4409367410","https://openalex.org/W6940432044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501776718","https://openalex.org/W2615136228","https://openalex.org/W657108774","https://openalex.org/W2390192952","https://openalex.org/W2480620430","https://openalex.org/W2373296418","https://openalex.org/W1515761309","https://openalex.org/W4301400761","https://openalex.org/W3213254966","https://openalex.org/W2377265617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1],"the":[2,28,42,55,65,76,90,98,112,119,142,159,182,189,195],"problems":[3],"of":[4,18,41,58,100,114,168,179,198],"leakage":[5],"and":[6,14,49,60,72,93,126,151],"misdetection":[7],"caused":[8],"by":[9,145],"insufficient":[10],"multi-scale":[11,81,115],"feature":[12,69,82,116],"extraction":[13,70],"an":[15,132,177],"excessive":[16],"amount":[17],"model":[19,161,186],"parameters":[20],"in":[21,85],"bridge":[22,128,173,199],"defect":[23,129,174],"detection,":[24],"this":[25,86,108],"paper":[26],"proposes":[27],"AMSF-Pyramid-YOLOv11n":[29],"model.":[30],"First,":[31],"a":[32,50,61,163,171],"Cooperative":[33],"Optimization":[34],"Module":[35],"(COPO)":[36],"is":[37,138],"introduced,":[38],"which":[39,140],"consists":[40],"designed":[43,84],"multi-level":[44],"dilated":[45],"shared":[46,148],"convolution":[47,149],"(FPSharedConv)":[48],"dual-domain":[51],"attention":[52],"block.":[53],"Through":[54],"joint":[56],"optimization":[57],"FPSharedConv":[59],"CGLU":[62],"gating":[63],"mechanism,":[64],"module":[66,109],"significantly":[67],"improves":[68],"efficiency":[71],"learning":[73],"capability.":[74],"Second,":[75],"Unified":[77],"Global-Multiscale":[78],"Bottleneck":[79],"(UGMB)":[80],"pyramid":[83],"study":[87],"efficiently":[88],"integrates":[89],"FCGL_MANet,":[91],"WFU,":[92],"HAFB":[94],"modules.":[95],"By":[96],"leveraging":[97],"symmetry":[99],"Haar":[101],"wavelet":[102],"decomposition":[103],"combined":[104],"with":[105],"local-global":[106],"attention,":[107],"effectively":[110,187],"addresses":[111],"challenge":[113],"fusion,":[117],"enhancing":[118],"model\u2019s":[120],"ability":[121],"to":[122],"capture":[123],"both":[124],"symmetrical":[125],"asymmetrical":[127],"patterns.":[130],"Finally,":[131],"optimized":[133],"lightweight":[134],"detection":[135,196],"head":[136],"(LCB_Detect)":[137],"employed,":[139],"reduces":[141,188],"parameter":[143],"count":[144],"6.35%":[146],"through":[147],"layers":[150],"separate":[152],"batch":[153],"normalization.":[154],"Experimental":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"proposed":[160],"achieves":[162],"mean":[164],"average":[165],"precision":[166],"(mAP@0.5)":[167],"60.3%":[169],"on":[170],"self-constructed":[172],"dataset,":[175],"representing":[176],"improvement":[178],"11.3%":[180],"over":[181],"baseline":[183],"YOLOv11n.":[184],"The":[185],"false":[190],"positive":[191],"rate":[192],"while":[193],"improving":[194],"accuracy":[197],"defects.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
