{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411834095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071024","title":"Multi-Factor Analysis and Graded Remediation Strategy for Goaf Stability in Underground Metal Mines: Fluid\u2013Solid Coupling Simulation and Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimization Approach","display_name":"Multi-Factor Analysis and Graded Remediation Strategy for Goaf Stability in Underground Metal Mines: Fluid\u2013Solid Coupling Simulation and Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimization Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411834095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1024/pdf?version=1751266482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1024/pdf?version=1751266482","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105989617","display_name":"X. Q. Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7391-5917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuzhao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043061422","display_name":"Xiaoquan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-176X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoquan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-176X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400564","display_name":"Xuefeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-3319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuefeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083869114","display_name":"Tzong-An Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianlong Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100585508","display_name":"Han Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Minerals Engineering, Guangxi Higher School, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Danhua Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danhua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Archives, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Archives, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043061422","https://openalex.org/A5100400564"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.2631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7757258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1024","last_page":"1024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14392","display_name":"Geoscience and Mining Technology","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6317329406738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.6258269548416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.624104917049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-remediation","display_name":"Environmental remediation","score":0.5203701853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-factor","display_name":"Safety factor","score":0.5072640776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4008599817752838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3808828592300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3309621810913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.3253815174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2975303530693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.24426424503326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1834205687046051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.15243250131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10755249857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination","display_name":"Contamination","score":0.10412654280662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07644626498222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.06935903429985046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6317329406738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.6258269548416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.624104917049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522964758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019586","display_name":"Environmental remediation","level":3,"score":0.5203701853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778702308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398642","display_name":"Safety factor","level":2,"score":0.5072640776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4008599817752838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3808828592300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3309621810913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.3253815174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2975303530693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24426424503326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1834205687046051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.15243250131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10755249857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.10412654280662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07644626498222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.06935903429985046}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1024/pdf?version=1751266482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17071024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/1024/pdf?version=1751266482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411834095.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968410674","https://openalex.org/W1969858437","https://openalex.org/W1981856524","https://openalex.org/W1995537462","https://openalex.org/W2010930285","https://openalex.org/W2016246282","https://openalex.org/W2029251597","https://openalex.org/W2055072688","https://openalex.org/W2064251752","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2350816859","https://openalex.org/W2393226458","https://openalex.org/W2516059207","https://openalex.org/W2610931340","https://openalex.org/W2757022822","https://openalex.org/W2811388809","https://openalex.org/W3012537993","https://openalex.org/W3019575885","https://openalex.org/W3044176182","https://openalex.org/W3094704314","https://openalex.org/W3138141886","https://openalex.org/W3153990350","https://openalex.org/W3155739706","https://openalex.org/W3157244034","https://openalex.org/W3186220846","https://openalex.org/W3195765603","https://openalex.org/W3199279628","https://openalex.org/W3210851590","https://openalex.org/W4229367966","https://openalex.org/W4288052147","https://openalex.org/W4298132449","https://openalex.org/W4306404198","https://openalex.org/W4313332801","https://openalex.org/W4313588753","https://openalex.org/W4322208581","https://openalex.org/W4388020214","https://openalex.org/W6604961975","https://openalex.org/W6726062489","https://openalex.org/W6840388069","https://openalex.org/W6848643430","https://openalex.org/W7071704969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387912620","https://openalex.org/W2363883631","https://openalex.org/W2385304721","https://openalex.org/W2372530480","https://openalex.org/W2366040799","https://openalex.org/W2941001315","https://openalex.org/W4405234523","https://openalex.org/W4386024536","https://openalex.org/W2109533985","https://openalex.org/W4367726066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"ensure":[1],"the":[2,14,117,136,192],"green,":[3],"safe,":[4],"and":[5,11,27,65,72,91,109,145,154,184,200,219,255,266],"efficient":[6],"extraction":[7],"of":[8,16,36,81,103,116,122,174,269],"mineral":[9],"resources":[10],"promote":[12],"sustainability,":[13],"stability":[15,140,253],"mined-out":[17],"areas":[18],"has":[19],"become":[20],"a":[21,40,63,77,92,120,249,264],"critical":[22],"factor":[23,121],"affecting":[24],"safe":[25],"production":[26],"ecological":[28],"restoration":[29],"in":[30,177,229,238],"underground":[31,37],"metal":[32],"mines.":[33],"The":[34],"instability":[35,57,129],"goafs":[38,111,194],"poses":[39],"significant":[41],"threat":[42],"to":[43],"mine":[44],"safety,":[45],"especially":[46],"when":[47,160],"irregular":[48],"excavation":[49],"patterns":[50],"interact":[51],"with":[52],"high":[53],"ground":[54],"stress,":[55],"exacerbating":[56],"risks.":[58],"Most":[59],"existing":[60,270],"studies":[61],"lack":[62],"systematic":[64],"multidisciplinary":[66],"integrated":[67,246],"framework":[68],"for":[69,138,252],"comprehensive":[70],"evaluation":[71],"management.":[73],"This":[74,245],"paper":[75],"proposes":[76],"trinity":[78],"research":[79],"system":[80],"\u201cassessment\u2013optimization\u2013governance\u201d,":[82],"integrating":[83],"theoretical":[84],"analysis,":[85],"three-dimensional":[86],"fluid\u2013solid":[87],"coupling":[88],"numerical":[89],"simulation,":[90],"filling":[93,207,227,237],"sequence":[94,208],"optimization":[95],"method":[96,247],"based":[97],"on":[98],"genetic":[99,205],"algorithms.":[100],"An":[101],"analysis":[102],"data":[104],"measured":[105],"from":[106],"243":[107],"pillars":[108,118],"49":[110,193],"indicates":[112],"that":[113,149,272],"approximately":[114],"20\u201330%":[115],"have":[119],"safety":[123],"(FoS)":[124],"below":[125],"1.0,":[126],"signaling":[127],"immediate":[128],"risks;":[130],"additionally,":[131],"58%":[132],"do":[133],"not":[134],"meet":[135],"threshold":[137],"long-term":[139],"(FoS":[141],"\u2265":[142],"1.5).":[143],"Statistical":[144],"spatial":[146],"analyses":[147],"highlight":[148],"pillar":[150],"width-to-height":[151],"ratio":[152],"(W/H)":[153],"cross-sectional":[155],"area":[156,211],"significantly":[157,241],"influence":[158],"stability;":[159],"W/H":[161],"exceeds":[162],"1.5,":[163],"FoS":[164],"typically":[165],"surpasses":[166],"2.0.":[167],"Numerical":[168],"simulations":[169],"reveal":[170],"pore":[171,220],"water":[172],"pressures":[173],"1.4\u20131.8":[175],"MPa":[176],"deeper":[178],"goafs,":[179],"substantially":[180],"reducing":[181,213],"effective":[182],"stress":[183,216],"accelerating":[185],"plastic":[186],"zone":[187],"expansion.":[188],"Stability":[189],"classification":[190],"categorizes":[191],"into":[195],"7":[196],"\u201cpoor\u201d,":[197],"37":[198],"\u201cmoderate\u201d,":[199],"5":[201],"\u201cgood\u201d":[202],"zones.":[203],"A":[204],"algorithm-optimized":[206],"prioritizes":[209],"high-risk":[210,230],"remediation,":[212],"maximum":[214],"principal":[215],"by":[217,222,233],"60.96%":[218],"pressure":[221],"28.6%.":[223],"Cemented":[224],"waste":[225,235],"rock":[226,236],"applied":[228],"areas,":[231,240],"complemented":[232],"general":[234],"moderate-risk":[239],"enhances":[242],"overall":[243],"stability.":[244],"provides":[248],"scientific":[250],"foundation":[251],"assessment":[254],"dynamic":[256],"remediation":[257],"planning":[258],"under":[259],"complex":[260],"hydrogeological":[261],"conditions,":[262],"offering":[263],"risk-informed":[265],"scenario-specific":[267],"application":[268],"tools":[271],"improves":[273],"engineering":[274],"applicability.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-10T14:10:52.464848","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}