{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411618776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17070998","title":"Numerical Investigation Using Machine Learning Process Combination of Bio PCM and Solar Salt for Thermal Energy Storage Applications","display_name":"Numerical Investigation Using Machine Learning Process Combination of Bio PCM and Solar Salt for Thermal Energy Storage Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411618776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17070998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17070998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17070998","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/998/pdf?version=1750834715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/998/pdf?version=1750834715","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075058294","display_name":"Ravi Kumar Kottala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-7786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094866","display_name":"Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapathi Raj College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00hvk3c79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094866"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Kumar Kottala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (A), Vizianagaram 535005, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-7786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (A), Vizianagaram 535005, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sankaraiah Mogaligunta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtkxh20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sankaraiah Mogaligunta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NBKR Institute of Science and Technology, Tirupati 524413, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NBKR Institute of Science and Technology, Tirupati 524413, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Makham Satyanarayana Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makham Satyanarayana Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500043, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500043, Telangana, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029214642","display_name":"Seepana Praveenkumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-9476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130823665","display_name":"Ural Federal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hs7dr46","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130823665"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seepana Praveenkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy Sources, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg City, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-9476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy Sources, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg City, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130823665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068343879","display_name":"Ramakrishna Raghutu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishna Raghutu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology (A), Rajam 532127, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology (A), Rajam 532127, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052023503","display_name":"Kiran Kumar Patro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145126","display_name":"Aditya Birla (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/03pztks36","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145126"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiran Kumar Patro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management (A), Tekkali 532203, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management (A), Tekkali 532203, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076008804","display_name":"A. Sampath Dakshina Murthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-6373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188963388","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dernx73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188963388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156205","display_name":"Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam","ror":"https://ror.org/05v3hkt95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156205"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Achanta Sampath Dakshina Murthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan\u2019s Institute of Information Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam 530049, Andhra Pradesh, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam 530049, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-6373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan\u2019s Institute of Information Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam 530049, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188963388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam 530049, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030685571","display_name":"G. Dharmaiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-5773"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dharmaiah Gurram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University, Guntur 522508, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-5773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Vasireddy Venkatadri International Technological University, Guntur 522508, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029214642","https://openalex.org/A5076008804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130823665","https://openalex.org/I188963388","https://openalex.org/I4210156205"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.1271,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86428603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"998","last_page":"998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10938","display_name":"Phase Change Materials Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10938","display_name":"Phase Change Materials Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.939300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-energy-storage","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","score":0.6881426572799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6080611944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"Solar energy","score":0.5360342264175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5058915019035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.49001967906951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.43777912855148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.42577800154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.350423127412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.15878736972808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1512957513332367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10271653532981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09965780377388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.6881426572799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6080611944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.5360342264175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5058915019035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.49001967906951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.43777912855148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.42577800154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.350423127412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.15878736972808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1512957513332367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10271653532981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09965780377388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17070998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17070998","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/998/pdf?version=1750834715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17070998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17070998","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/7/998/pdf?version=1750834715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2683083082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Priority-2030 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5103796817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Priority-2030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6005225358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Priority-2030 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325921","funder_display_name":"Ural Federal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325921","display_name":"Ural Federal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hs7dr46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411618776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411618776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985376750","https://openalex.org/W2522972989","https://openalex.org/W2789843331","https://openalex.org/W2898117508","https://openalex.org/W2913561972","https://openalex.org/W2967079022","https://openalex.org/W2967676411","https://openalex.org/W2994083074","https://openalex.org/W3010775358","https://openalex.org/W3010828878","https://openalex.org/W3021536898","https://openalex.org/W3161919210","https://openalex.org/W3204156157","https://openalex.org/W3209199572","https://openalex.org/W3213600141","https://openalex.org/W4289521746","https://openalex.org/W4292692410","https://openalex.org/W4295925540","https://openalex.org/W4319762254","https://openalex.org/W4321789870","https://openalex.org/W4376631685","https://openalex.org/W4380995934","https://openalex.org/W4381192573","https://openalex.org/W4387802869","https://openalex.org/W4388724267","https://openalex.org/W4390276262","https://openalex.org/W4393135326","https://openalex.org/W4393930625","https://openalex.org/W4394884337","https://openalex.org/W4399592494","https://openalex.org/W4399915467","https://openalex.org/W4400062112","https://openalex.org/W4400244262","https://openalex.org/W4401525560","https://openalex.org/W4402218386","https://openalex.org/W4402435913","https://openalex.org/W4402629913","https://openalex.org/W4404528725","https://openalex.org/W4404845771","https://openalex.org/W4407199435","https://openalex.org/W4409537460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945333005","https://openalex.org/W3042370163","https://openalex.org/W2056379767","https://openalex.org/W3189745605","https://openalex.org/W2022790720","https://openalex.org/W1990201968","https://openalex.org/W2785807841","https://openalex.org/W2965653884","https://openalex.org/W4362735127","https://openalex.org/W1503512178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"TGA":[0,239],"kinetic":[1,101],"analysis":[2],"can":[3],"assess":[4],"the":[5,49,84,114,120,137,143,188,202,206,210,213,217,245,250,256],"thermal":[6,35,50],"stability":[7,51],"and":[8,17,30,68,88,109,123,131,154,180,193,216,225,255],"degradation":[9,19,189],"properties":[10],"of":[11,52,82,99,191,209,253,260],"PCMs":[12],"by":[13,248],"calculating":[14],"activation":[15,80,116,147],"energies":[16,81,117,148],"onset":[18],"temperatures,":[20],"which":[21],"are":[22,126,149,184,220],"critical":[23],"elements":[24],"when":[25],"developing":[26],"optimal":[27],"PCM":[28,72,75,92,141,221],"composition":[29],"assessing":[31],"long-term":[32],"performance":[33,235],"in":[34,62],"energy":[36],"storage":[37],"applications.":[38],"In":[39,201],"this":[40],"study,":[41],"we":[42],"utilize":[43],"a":[44,69,97,232],"thermogravimetric":[45],"analyzer":[46],"to":[47,186],"examine":[48],"both":[53,83],"solar":[54,86,90,139,195],"salt":[55,87,91,140],"phase":[56],"change":[57],"material":[58],"(i.e.,":[59,74],"commonly":[60],"used":[61],"medium-temperature":[63],"applications)":[64],"(NaNO3":[65],"+":[66],"KNO3)":[67],"composite":[70,89,138,194],"eutectic":[71],"mixture":[73],"with":[76,241],"20%":[77],"biochar).":[78],"The":[79,227],"pure":[85,112,192],"sample":[93],"were":[94],"evaluated":[95],"using":[96,119],"variety":[98],"different":[100,198],"models":[102,230,247],"such":[103,162],"as":[104,163],"Kissinger\u2013Akahira\u2013Sunose":[105],"(KAS),":[106],"Flynn\u2013Wall\u2013Ozawa":[107],"(FWO),":[108],"Starink.":[110],"For":[111],"PCM,":[113],"mean":[115],"calculated":[118,144],"KAS,":[121],"FWO,":[122],"Starink":[124],"methods":[125],"581.73":[127],"kJ/mol,":[128,130,133,151,153],"570.47":[129],"581.31":[132],"respectively.":[134],"Conversely,":[135],"for":[136],"sample,":[142],"experimental":[145,238],"average":[146],"51.67":[150],"62.124":[152],"51.383":[155],"kJ/mol.":[156],"Additionally,":[157],"various":[158],"machine":[159,203,228],"learning":[160,204,229],"models,":[161,183,205],"linear":[164],"regression,":[165,168,171,174,176,179],"decision":[166],"tree":[167],"gradient":[169],"boosting":[170],"random":[172],"forest":[173],"polynomial":[175],"Gaussian":[177],"process":[178],"KNN":[181,242],"regression":[182,243],"developed":[185],"predict":[187],"behaviour":[190],"salts":[196],"under":[197],"loading":[199],"rates.":[200],"mass":[207],"loss":[208],"samples":[211],"is":[212],"output":[214],"variable":[215],"input":[218],"features":[219],"type,":[222],"heating":[223],"rate,":[224],"temperature.":[226],"had":[231],"great":[233],"prediction":[234],"based":[236],"on":[237],"data,":[240],"outperforming":[244],"other":[246],"achieving":[249],"lowest":[251],"RMSE":[252],"0.0318":[254],"highest":[257],"R2":[258],"score":[259],"0.977.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
