{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411383219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060947","title":"Symmetry-Aware CVAE-ACGAN-Based Feature Generation Model and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis","display_name":"Symmetry-Aware CVAE-ACGAN-Based Feature Generation Model and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411383219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/947/pdf?version=1749884042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/947/pdf?version=1749884042","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078562885","display_name":"Long Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-3983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151703","display_name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045d9gj14","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165649","display_name":"China Coal Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dy2c135","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Science Research Institute, CCTEG Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Science Research Institute, CCTEG Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165649","https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101636151","display_name":"Yingjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-7372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151703","display_name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045d9gj14","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165649","display_name":"China Coal Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dy2c135","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Science Research Institute, CCTEG Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Science Research Institute, CCTEG Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165649","https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328203","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-8064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151703","display_name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045d9gj14","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165649","display_name":"China Coal Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dy2c135","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Science Research Institute, CCTEG Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Science Research Institute, CCTEG Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165649","https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036463297","display_name":"Ming Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-4197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100328203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703","https://openalex.org/I4210165649"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13377074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"947","last_page":"947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6606764793395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.5321826934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4662697911262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.39341235160827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3496062755584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33118903636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3253982961177826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26108986139297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09818285703659058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6606764793395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5321826934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4662697911262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.39341235160827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3496062755584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33118903636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3253982961177826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26108986139297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09818285703659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/947/pdf?version=1749884042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060947","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/947/pdf?version=1749884042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6723423100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52205016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411383219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411383219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W243674440","https://openalex.org/W2003205626","https://openalex.org/W2108501770","https://openalex.org/W2115703962","https://openalex.org/W2188365844","https://openalex.org/W2548275288","https://openalex.org/W2593479727","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2788553534","https://openalex.org/W2809350318","https://openalex.org/W2962687275","https://openalex.org/W2967625104","https://openalex.org/W2975430529","https://openalex.org/W2983088808","https://openalex.org/W3014644090","https://openalex.org/W3019117233","https://openalex.org/W3021068810","https://openalex.org/W3024801014","https://openalex.org/W3033667082","https://openalex.org/W3037521480","https://openalex.org/W3078132426","https://openalex.org/W3083531094","https://openalex.org/W3213088652","https://openalex.org/W3214433557","https://openalex.org/W4200534047","https://openalex.org/W4212861124","https://openalex.org/W4225273092","https://openalex.org/W4250859419","https://openalex.org/W4297370218","https://openalex.org/W4378965886","https://openalex.org/W6694954494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2370918718","https://openalex.org/W2256933480","https://openalex.org/W2027854990","https://openalex.org/W2370081953","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"fault":[1,43,51,69,73,113,197,213],"feature":[2,44,209],"generation":[3,210],"models":[4],"often":[5],"face":[6],"issues":[7],"of":[8,67,84,130,133,137,204],"uncontrollability,":[9],"singularity,":[10],"and":[11,34,54,91,100,135,162,176,179,184,190],"slow":[12],"convergence,":[13],"limiting":[14],"diagnostic":[15],"accuracy.":[16],"To":[17],"address":[18],"these":[19],"challenges,":[20],"this":[21],"paper":[22],"proposes":[23],"a":[24,29,94,107],"symmetry-aware":[25],"approach":[26],"that":[27,122],"combines":[28],"conditional":[30],"variational":[31],"autoencoder":[32],"(CVAE)":[33],"an":[35,127],"auxiliary":[36],"classifier":[37],"generative":[38],"adversarial":[39,55,82],"network":[40,110],"(ACGAN)":[41],"for":[42,112,211],"generation,":[45],"leveraging":[46],"symmetry":[47,206],"characteristics":[48],"inherent":[49],"in":[50,61,106],"data":[52],"distributions":[53,60],"learning.":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"symmetrical":[58,81,95],"Gaussian":[59],"the":[62,80,85,89,118,123,140,148,152,174,202],"CVAE":[63],"enable":[64],"robust":[65],"extraction":[66],"latent":[68],"features":[70,102,178],"conditioned":[71],"on":[72,117,147],"classes,":[74],"which":[75],"are":[76,103,145],"then":[77],"input":[78],"to":[79,87],"framework":[83],"ACGAN":[86],"guide":[88],"generator":[90],"discriminator":[92],"toward":[93],"Nash":[96],"equilibrium.":[97],"The":[98],"original":[99],"generated":[101,175],"jointly":[104],"utilized":[105],"convolutional":[108],"neural":[109],"(CNN)":[111],"classification.":[114],"Experimental":[115],"results":[116,200],"CWRU":[119],"dataset":[120],"show":[121],"proposed":[124],"CVAE-ACGAN":[125],"achieves":[126,154],"average":[128],"accuracy":[129],"99.21%,":[131],"precision":[132],"97.81%,":[134],"recall":[136],"98.24%,":[138],"surpassing":[139],"baseline":[141],"CNN.":[142],"Similar":[143],"improvements":[144],"achieved":[146],"PADERBORN":[149],"dataset.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"model":[153],"significantly":[155],"lower":[156],"root":[157],"mean":[158,163],"square":[159],"error":[160,165],"(RMSE)":[161],"absolute":[164],"(MAE)":[166],"than":[167],"competing":[168],"methods,":[169],"confirming":[170],"high":[171],"consistency":[172],"between":[173,196],"real":[177],"supporting":[180],"its":[181],"superior":[182],"generalization":[183],"reliability.":[185],"Visualization":[186],"via":[187],"confusion":[188],"matrices":[189],"t-SNE":[191],"further":[192],"demonstrates":[193],"clear":[194],"boundaries":[195],"categories.":[198],"These":[199],"affirm":[201],"value":[203],"incorporating":[205],"principles":[207],"into":[208],"mechanical":[212],"diagnosis.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}