{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411249136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060927","title":"Weight-Based Numerical Study of Shale Brittleness Evaluation","display_name":"Weight-Based Numerical Study of Shale Brittleness Evaluation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411249136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060927","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/927/pdf?version=1749645761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/927/pdf?version=1749645761","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065080704","display_name":"Yu Suo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-6015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098205","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ftbmy59","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098205"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105529","display_name":"Daqing Oilfield General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ey7we33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155657","display_name":"Daqing Oilfield of CNPC","ror":"https://ror.org/03shhrx95","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155657","https://openalex.org/I98227222"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Suo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Fracturing and Evaluation, Daqing 163318, China","Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China","Postdoctoral Resource Center, Daqing Oilfield Company Limited, Daqing 163458, China","School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-6015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Fracturing and Evaluation, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development, Northeast Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctoral Resource Center, Daqing Oilfield Company Limited, Daqing 163458, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529","https://openalex.org/I4387155657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110657399","display_name":"Fenfen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fenfen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054650892","display_name":"Qiang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8274-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112595","display_name":"Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02awe6g05","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112595","https://openalex.org/I98227222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi\u2019an 710018, China","Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi\u2019an 710018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084346205","display_name":"Liuke Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165745306","display_name":"Southwest Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h17x602","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuke Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-8932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084968486","display_name":"Yi Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-1063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165745306","display_name":"Southwest Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h17x602","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangping Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011956114","display_name":"Xu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-5851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Unconventional Oil & Gas, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-5851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Unconventional Oil & Gas, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065080704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098205","https://openalex.org/I4210105529","https://openalex.org/I4387155657","https://openalex.org/I921716337"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11892098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"927","last_page":"927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10635","display_name":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10635","display_name":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10399","display_name":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-shale","display_name":"Oil shale","score":0.7245258688926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brittleness","display_name":"Brittleness","score":0.547857403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.48756641149520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.40099307894706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36801213026046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3518589735031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","score":0.34190064668655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.23824873566627502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153127940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221378","display_name":"Oil shale","level":2,"score":0.7245258688926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136478896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288","display_name":"Brittleness","level":2,"score":0.547857403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.48756641149520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40099307894706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36801213026046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3518589735031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.34190064668655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.23824873566627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060927","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/927/pdf?version=1749645761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060927","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/927/pdf?version=1749645761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4469886370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42204131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317323","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411249136.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411249136.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92487546","https://openalex.org/W1761157105","https://openalex.org/W1988814398","https://openalex.org/W1989177492","https://openalex.org/W1998903996","https://openalex.org/W2008022945","https://openalex.org/W2017527192","https://openalex.org/W2036400800","https://openalex.org/W2054267313","https://openalex.org/W2072443948","https://openalex.org/W2082695376","https://openalex.org/W2154903653","https://openalex.org/W2170995602","https://openalex.org/W2321877746","https://openalex.org/W2333657363","https://openalex.org/W2371969007","https://openalex.org/W2461273868","https://openalex.org/W2508342806","https://openalex.org/W2811489118","https://openalex.org/W2920056076","https://openalex.org/W2971882060","https://openalex.org/W2981502832","https://openalex.org/W4200170389","https://openalex.org/W4313531722","https://openalex.org/W4405623829","https://openalex.org/W4406533928","https://openalex.org/W6718422473","https://openalex.org/W6885423786","https://openalex.org/W6904186417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973284405","https://openalex.org/W4389099478","https://openalex.org/W2088147066","https://openalex.org/W2008231637","https://openalex.org/W179992691","https://openalex.org/W2366929303","https://openalex.org/W1589362595","https://openalex.org/W1969627016","https://openalex.org/W4313655099","https://openalex.org/W2793936937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,144,171,214],"implementation":[1],"of":[2,69,83,98,217],"lean":[3],"drilling":[4],"and":[5,16,24,27,34,125,132,161,191,220,226],"completion":[6],"design":[7],"techniques":[8,30],"is":[9,189,197],"a":[10,47,66,115,139,206,230,250],"pivotal":[11],"strategy":[12],"for":[13,174,186,194,234,253],"the":[14,42,90,99,108,112,129,133,149,157,162,184,192,200,210,221,239],"petroleum":[15],"natural":[17],"gas":[18,35,40],"industry":[19],"to":[20,137],"achieve":[21],"green,":[22],"low-carbon,":[23],"intelligent":[25],"transformation":[26],"innovation.":[28],"These":[29],"significantly":[31],"enhance":[32],"oil":[33,62],"recovery":[36],"rates.":[37],"In":[38],"shale":[39,43,61,88,103],"development,":[41],"brittleness":[44,75,141,175,202,211],"index":[45],"plays":[46],"crucial":[48],"role":[49],"in":[50,244],"evaluating":[51],"fracturing":[52],"ability":[53],"during":[54,102],"hydraulic":[55],"fracturing.":[56],"Indoor":[57],"experiments":[58],"on":[59,73,87,178],"Gulong":[60],"were":[63,105,135],"conducted":[64],"under":[65],"confining":[67],"pressure":[68],"30":[70],"MPa.":[71],"Based":[72],"Rickman\u2019s":[74,179],"evaluation":[76,142,176,203],"method,":[77],"this":[78],"study":[79],"performed":[80],"numerical":[81],"simulations":[82],"triaxial":[84],"compression":[85],"tests":[86],"using":[89,107],"finite":[91,150],"discrete":[92,151],"element":[93,152],"method.":[94,110,143],"fractal":[96,215,245],"dimensions":[97,246],"fractures":[100],"formed":[101],"fragmentation":[104,159],"calculated":[106],"box-counting":[109],"Utilizing":[111],"obtained":[113],"data,":[114],"multiple":[116,164],"linear":[117,165],"regression":[118,166],"equation":[119,167],"was":[120],"established":[121,163],"with":[122,209],"elastic":[123,187],"modulus":[124,188],"Poisson\u2019s":[126,195],"ratio":[127,196],"as":[128,182,249],"primary":[130],"variables,":[131],"coefficients":[134],"normalized":[136],"propose":[138],"new":[140,201,231],"research":[145],"findings":[146],"indicate":[147],"that":[148],"method":[153,180,204],"can":[154,247],"effectively":[155],"simulate":[156],"rock":[158],"process,":[160],"demonstrates":[168],"high":[169],"reliability.":[170],"weights":[172],"reassigned":[173],"based":[177],"are":[181],"follows:":[183],"coefficient":[185,193],"0.43,":[190],"0.57.":[198],"Furthermore,":[199],"exhibits":[205],"stronger":[207],"correlation":[208],"mineral":[212],"index.":[213],"characteristics":[216,242],"crack":[218,256],"networks":[219],"relationship":[222],"between":[223],"symmetry":[224,241],"response":[225],"mechanical":[227],"parameters":[228],"offer":[229],"theoretical":[232],"foundation":[233],"brittle":[235],"weight":[236],"distribution.":[237],"Additionally,":[238],"scale":[240],"inherent":[243],"serve":[248],"significant":[251],"indicator":[252],"assessing":[254],"complex":[255],"morphology.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}