{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411185160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060916","title":"Optimization of Dismantling Line for Used Electric Vehicle Battery Packs","display_name":"Optimization of Dismantling Line for Used Electric Vehicle Battery Packs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411185160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/916/pdf?version=1749548263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/916/pdf?version=1749548263","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049523900","display_name":"Jia Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-2765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415877","display_name":"Shuang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-5034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenggang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076870814","display_name":"Zheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5536-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113275628","display_name":"Yanzhi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1544-5448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090160108","display_name":"Jinyuan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-8493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-8493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940352","display_name":"Weiwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-6575"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arpa Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200331, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arpa Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200331, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076870814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12157621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"916","last_page":"916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12017","display_name":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.6174482107162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6171215176582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6042351722717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4467572867870331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4245757758617401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36934685707092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26982641220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20018422603607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18893438577651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08244600892066956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6174482107162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6171215176582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6042351722717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4467572867870331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4245757758617401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36934685707092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26982641220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20018422603607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18893438577651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08244600892066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/916/pdf?version=1749548263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/916/pdf?version=1749548263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411185160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411185160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997231686","https://openalex.org/W2008467125","https://openalex.org/W2793774984","https://openalex.org/W2883868302","https://openalex.org/W3043215235","https://openalex.org/W3126210479","https://openalex.org/W3126752097","https://openalex.org/W3131634316","https://openalex.org/W3133522226","https://openalex.org/W3153993091","https://openalex.org/W3197280282","https://openalex.org/W3202818183","https://openalex.org/W3215142102","https://openalex.org/W4206385874","https://openalex.org/W4223540688","https://openalex.org/W4283776756","https://openalex.org/W4361284302","https://openalex.org/W4380373188","https://openalex.org/W4384470990","https://openalex.org/W4385144176","https://openalex.org/W4386797346","https://openalex.org/W4386823155","https://openalex.org/W4386989131","https://openalex.org/W4387219179","https://openalex.org/W4388011605","https://openalex.org/W4388671899","https://openalex.org/W4388692348","https://openalex.org/W4389579542","https://openalex.org/W4390629355","https://openalex.org/W4391152236","https://openalex.org/W4391209750","https://openalex.org/W4391599749","https://openalex.org/W4391616801","https://openalex.org/W4392240081","https://openalex.org/W4392867455","https://openalex.org/W4393166995","https://openalex.org/W4396887478","https://openalex.org/W4399968368","https://openalex.org/W4403277468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330407971","https://openalex.org/W4387418068","https://openalex.org/W2091283950","https://openalex.org/W4281793540","https://openalex.org/W1968968467","https://openalex.org/W2571827127","https://openalex.org/W3125878227","https://openalex.org/W4385671734","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2162365590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recycling":[0],"used":[1],"battery":[2,47,191],"packs":[3],"for":[4,91],"electric":[5],"vehicles":[6],"has":[7],"important":[8],"economic":[9],"and":[10,75,103,121,127,140,151],"ecological":[11],"benefits.":[12],"However,":[13],"existing":[14],"studies":[15],"lack":[16,28],"a":[17,27,52],"systematic":[18],"comparison":[19,37],"of":[20,29,31,51,57,69,83,123,181],"the":[21,46,55,67,81,97,104,119,124,137,147,156,166,170,177,182],"different":[22],"models.":[23],"There":[24],"is":[25,63,165],"also":[26],"exploration":[30],"symmetrical":[32],"bilateral":[33,129,142,161],"disassembly":[34,40,60,71,73,76,84,126,130,143,162,183],"lines":[35],"in":[36,190],"to":[38,117,155,186,195],"other":[39],"lines.":[41],"Therefore,":[42],"this":[43],"paper":[44],"takes":[45],"pack":[48],"dismantling":[49],"line":[50,61,131,144,163],"company":[53],"as":[54],"object":[56],"study.":[58],"The":[59,93,133,159,172],"model":[62],"established":[64],"by":[65,149],"considering":[66],"number":[68],"workstations,":[70],"time,":[72],"costs,":[74],"risks.":[77],"This":[78],"study":[79],"quantifies":[80],"risk":[82],"at":[85],"each":[86],"process":[87],"into":[88],"specific":[89],"indicators":[90],"modeling.":[92],"solving":[94],"algorithm":[95],"adopts":[96],"improved":[98],"Northern":[99],"Goshawk":[100],"Optimization":[101],"Algorithm":[102],"Non-dominated":[105],"Sorting":[106],"Genetic":[107],"Algorithm.":[108],"A":[109],"simulation":[110,116],"demonstration":[111],"was":[112],"conducted":[113],"using":[114],"plant":[115],"compare":[118],"advantages":[120],"disadvantages":[122],"unilateral":[125,139],"symmetric":[128,141,160],"programs.":[132,171],"results":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136],"optimized":[138,173],"schemes":[145,174],"increase":[146],"efficiency":[148,180,189],"23.08%":[150],"38.46%,":[152],"respectively,":[153],"compared":[154],"original":[157],"program.":[158],"scheme":[164],"most":[167],"efficient":[168],"among":[169],"significantly":[175],"improve":[176],"overall":[178],"operational":[179],"line.":[184],"Programs":[185],"promote":[187],"increased":[188],"recycling":[192],"will":[193],"contribute":[194],"environmental":[196],"sustainability.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}