{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411002595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060855","title":"Comprehensive Evaluation on Traffic Safety of Mixed Traffic Flow in a Freeway Merging Area Based on a Cloud Model: From the Perspective of Traffic Conflict","display_name":"Comprehensive Evaluation on Traffic Safety of Mixed Traffic Flow in a Freeway Merging Area Based on a Cloud Model: From the Perspective of Traffic Conflict","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411002595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/855/pdf?version=1748617686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/855/pdf?version=1748617686","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102202832","display_name":"Yaqin He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaqin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6456-102X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043154645","display_name":"Jun Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-4706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102202832"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":5.9258,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9582269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"855","last_page":"855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13832","display_name":"Advanced Decision-Making Techniques","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13832","display_name":"Advanced Decision-Making Techniques","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-conflict","display_name":"Traffic conflict","score":0.6894181370735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.6621509790420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5903855562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5767240524291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5661007761955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.41597557067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.3215024471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.26409751176834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-car-data","display_name":"Floating car data","score":0.1507485806941986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1433870494365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.070060133934021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178944661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832489","display_name":"Traffic conflict","level":4,"score":0.6894181370735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.6621509790420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5903855562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5767240524291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5661007761955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.41597557067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.3215024471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26409751176834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.1507485806941986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1433870494365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.070060133934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/855/pdf?version=1748617686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/855/pdf?version=1748617686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1676068962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52472329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G437009475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024AFB826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411002595.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411002595.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174812315","https://openalex.org/W2074191025","https://openalex.org/W2322594087","https://openalex.org/W2795159259","https://openalex.org/W2800104018","https://openalex.org/W2800946744","https://openalex.org/W2885756312","https://openalex.org/W3009550433","https://openalex.org/W3020918372","https://openalex.org/W3087663646","https://openalex.org/W3093481500","https://openalex.org/W3095184392","https://openalex.org/W3098253819","https://openalex.org/W3114791775","https://openalex.org/W3123912898","https://openalex.org/W3161651929","https://openalex.org/W3207384501","https://openalex.org/W3214805815","https://openalex.org/W3216387290","https://openalex.org/W3216965650","https://openalex.org/W4200086587","https://openalex.org/W4212947031","https://openalex.org/W4220930637","https://openalex.org/W4224938428","https://openalex.org/W4295219546","https://openalex.org/W4306402825","https://openalex.org/W4313893747","https://openalex.org/W4319998027","https://openalex.org/W4367043635","https://openalex.org/W4386597703","https://openalex.org/W4392435067","https://openalex.org/W4392463687","https://openalex.org/W4396720905","https://openalex.org/W4399055050","https://openalex.org/W4399772534","https://openalex.org/W4402749912","https://openalex.org/W4407902611","https://openalex.org/W4408126027","https://openalex.org/W4408939722","https://openalex.org/W6788044416","https://openalex.org/W6802474641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390945665","https://openalex.org/W210698821","https://openalex.org/W2386603188","https://openalex.org/W582212118","https://openalex.org/W648823617","https://openalex.org/W574461432","https://openalex.org/W614405626","https://openalex.org/W817358723","https://openalex.org/W4390987329","https://openalex.org/W568780039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"human-driven":[1],"vehicles":[2,6],"(HDVs)":[3],"and":[4,20,90,122,146,158,201,205,251,298,316,323],"autonomous":[5],"(AVs)":[7],"coexist":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,12,59,80,86,104,108,138,143,167,206,215,224,232,235,282,290,311],"road,":[11],"asymmetry":[13,87],"between":[14,88],"their":[15],"driving":[16],"behaviors,":[17],"decision-making":[18],"processes,":[19],"responses":[21],"to":[22,48,175,185,230,262],"traffic":[23,40,45,74,83,187,191,195,207,314,321],"scenarios":[24,192],"introduces":[25],"new":[26],"safety":[27,41,51,60,69,112,208,243,264,302],"challenges,":[28],"especially":[29,268],"in":[30,76,313],"complex":[31],"merging":[32,77,109],"areas":[33,78],"where":[34],"frequent":[35],"interactions":[36,315],"occur.":[37],"The":[38,239],"existing":[39],"analysis":[42],"of":[43,82,95,107,155,189,209,234,281,301],"mixed":[44,73],"is":[46,101,116,172,183,212],"mainly":[47],"analyze":[49],"each":[50,210],"index":[52,114],"separately,":[53],"lacking":[54],"comprehensive":[55,68,177,226,236],"evaluation.":[56],"To":[57],"investigate":[58],"risk":[61],"more":[62,296],"broadly,":[63],"this":[64],"study":[65],"proposes":[66],"a":[67,131,152,162,180,295],"evaluation":[70,113,216,227,237],"framework":[71],"for":[72,320],"flows":[75],"from":[79,118,223,260],"perspective":[81],"conflicts,":[84],"emphasizing":[85],"HDVs":[89],"AVs.":[91],"Firstly,":[92],"an":[93,279],"indicator":[94,126],"Emergency":[96],"Lane":[97],"Change":[98],"Risk":[99],"Frequency":[100],"introduced,":[102],"considering":[103],"interaction":[105],"characteristics":[106],"area.":[110],"A":[111],"system":[115],"established":[117],"lateral,":[119],"longitudinal,":[120],"temporal,":[121],"spatial":[123],"dimensions.":[124],"Then,":[125],"weights":[127],"are":[128,218],"determined":[129],"using":[130],"modified":[132],"game":[133],"theory":[134],"approach":[135,293],"that":[136,242],"combines":[137],"entropy":[139],"weight":[140],"method":[141,171,229],"with":[142,166,246],"Decision-Making":[144],"Trial":[145],"Evaluation":[147],"Laboratory":[148],"(DEMATEL)":[149],"method,":[150],"ensuring":[151],"balanced":[153],"integration":[154],"objective":[156],"data":[157],"expert":[159],"judgment.":[160],"Subsequently,":[161],"cloud":[163],"model":[164],"enhanced":[165],"fuzzy":[168,225],"mean":[169],"value":[170],"then":[173],"developed":[174],"evaluate":[176],"safety.":[178,288],"Finally,":[179],"simulation":[181],"experiment":[182],"designed":[184],"simulate":[186],"operation":[188],"different":[190],"under":[193,269],"various":[194],"flow":[196,203,249,253],"rates,":[197,200],"AV":[198,257,274,283,324],"penetration":[199,258,275,284],"ramp":[202,252],"ratios,":[204],"scenario":[211],"estimated.":[213],"Moreover,":[214],"results":[217],"compared":[219],"against":[220],"those":[221],"derived":[222],"(FCE)":[228],"verify":[231],"reliability":[233],"model.":[238],"findings":[240],"indicate":[241],"levels":[244],"deteriorate":[245],"increasing":[247],"total":[248],"rates":[250,276],"ratios.":[254],"Notably,":[255],"as":[256],"rises":[259],"20%":[261],"100%,":[263],"conditions":[265],"improve":[266],"significantly,":[267],"high-flow":[270],"scenarios.":[271],"However,":[272],"at":[273],"below":[277],"20%,":[278],"increase":[280],"rate":[285],"may":[286],"worsen":[287],"Overall,":[289],"proposed":[291],"integrated":[292],"provides":[294],"robust":[297],"accurate":[299],"assessment":[300],"risks":[303],"than":[304],"single-factor":[305],"evaluations,":[306],"providing":[307],"deeper":[308],"insights":[309,319],"into":[310],"asymmetries":[312],"offering":[317],"valuable":[318],"management":[322],"deployment":[325],"strategies.":[326]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
