{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410721669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060820","title":"An Intelligent Risk Assessment Methodology for the Full Lifecycle Security of Data","display_name":"An Intelligent Risk Assessment Methodology for the Full Lifecycle Security of Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410721669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060820","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/820/pdf?version=1748077889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/820/pdf?version=1748077889","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766363","display_name":"Jinhui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-026X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103048468","display_name":"Tianyi Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-3247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115587853","display_name":"Jingjing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025654910","display_name":"Dejun Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6792-9437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejun Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081822572","display_name":"Huan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-3460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679233","display_name":"Bo Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8712-7025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100679233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":5.0798,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94869984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"820","last_page":"820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7518028020858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","score":0.5866740942001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5323163866996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.506435751914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.4932364821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4347987771034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3686704635620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32875123620033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16202417016029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.1502590775489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11914485692977905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7518028020858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.5866740942001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5323163866996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.506435751914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.4932364821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4347987771034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3686704635620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32875123620033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16202417016029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.1502590775489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11914485692977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060820","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/820/pdf?version=1748077889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17060820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060820","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/6/820/pdf?version=1748077889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2422588241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3887939210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210317191843003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410721669.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410721669.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987892279","https://openalex.org/W2319074937","https://openalex.org/W2898570314","https://openalex.org/W2964158265","https://openalex.org/W2981915020","https://openalex.org/W3020972105","https://openalex.org/W3112772891","https://openalex.org/W3138380773","https://openalex.org/W3171622349","https://openalex.org/W3202547399","https://openalex.org/W3212604410","https://openalex.org/W3213011454","https://openalex.org/W4293783466","https://openalex.org/W4313408214","https://openalex.org/W4320516263","https://openalex.org/W4366306859","https://openalex.org/W4386394255","https://openalex.org/W4391164146","https://openalex.org/W4391454415","https://openalex.org/W4394796865","https://openalex.org/W4396680617","https://openalex.org/W4396766644","https://openalex.org/W4400188118","https://openalex.org/W4400230054","https://openalex.org/W4402594788","https://openalex.org/W4402715821","https://openalex.org/W4403023174","https://openalex.org/W4403094448","https://openalex.org/W4403977256","https://openalex.org/W4404317775","https://openalex.org/W4404812322","https://openalex.org/W4404852595","https://openalex.org/W4404954953","https://openalex.org/W4406170795","https://openalex.org/W4406859253","https://openalex.org/W4407130859","https://openalex.org/W4407215189","https://openalex.org/W4408576821","https://openalex.org/W4409364823","https://openalex.org/W6755623635","https://openalex.org/W6855622057","https://openalex.org/W6940628308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417158417","https://openalex.org/W2162350346","https://openalex.org/W2000498638","https://openalex.org/W2085558045","https://openalex.org/W4210784828","https://openalex.org/W2013166250","https://openalex.org/W3193040745","https://openalex.org/W2967550622","https://openalex.org/W1973232003","https://openalex.org/W51752556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,22,49,67,81,87,104,112,117,121,130,134,146,174,192,198,201],"development":[2],"of":[3,5,12,21,66,75,106,116,133,167,194,200],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"and":[7,77,86,95,114,153,170,179,197,216,225],"artificial":[8],"intelligence,":[9],"large":[10],"amounts":[11],"data":[13,26,37,51,68,97,160,175,221,234],"exist":[14],"in":[15,24,190],"our":[16,209],"daily":[17],"life.":[18],"In":[19],"view":[20],"limitations":[23],"current":[25],"security":[27,38,161,222,235],"risk":[28,39,108,131,162,181,185,223],"assessment":[29,40,118,186,214],"research,":[30],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"puts":[33],"forward":[34],"an":[35,44,137],"intelligent":[36,229],"method":[41,125,211],"based":[42],"on":[43],"attention":[45,149],"mechanism":[46],"that":[47,62,208],"spans":[48,63],"entire":[50],"lifecycle.":[52,69],"The":[53,183],"initial":[54],"step":[55],"involves":[56],"formulating":[57],"a":[58,72,155,227],"security-risk":[59],"evaluation":[60,124],"index":[61],"all":[64],"phases":[65],"By":[70],"constructing":[71],"symmetric":[73,148],"mapping":[74],"subjective":[76],"objective":[78,96],"weights":[79,105,196],"using":[80],"Analytic":[82],"Hierarchy":[83],"Process":[84],"(AHP)":[85],"Entropy":[88],"Weight":[89],"Method":[90],"(EWM),":[91],"both":[92,191],"expert":[93],"judgment":[94],"are":[98],"comprehensively":[99],"considered":[100],"to":[101,128,220],"scientifically":[102],"determine":[103],"various":[107],"indicators,":[109],"thereby":[110],"enhancing":[111],"rationality":[113],"objectivity":[115],"framework.":[119],"Next,":[120],"fuzzy":[122],"comprehensive":[123],"is":[126],"used":[127],"label":[129],"level":[132],"data,":[135],"providing":[136],"essential":[138],"basis":[139],"for":[140,159,176,233],"subsequent":[141],"model":[142,158],"training.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"leveraging":[145],"structurally":[147],"mechanism,":[150],"we":[151],"design":[152,199],"train":[154],"neural":[156,202],"network":[157,203],"assessment,":[163],"enabling":[164],"automatic":[165],"capture":[166],"complex":[168],"features":[169],"nonlinear":[171],"correlations":[172],"within":[173],"more":[177],"precise":[178],"accurate":[180],"evaluations.":[182],"proposed":[184,210],"approach":[187],"embodies":[188],"symmetry":[189],"determination":[193],"indicator":[195],"architecture.":[204],"Experimental":[205],"results":[206],"indicate":[207],"achieves":[212],"high":[213],"accuracy":[215],"stability,":[217],"effectively":[218],"adapts":[219],"environments,":[224],"offers":[226],"feasible":[228],"decision":[230],"aid":[231],"tool":[232],"management.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}