{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410325956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050737","title":"Threshold Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Based on NGS of Symmetric Encryption","display_name":"Threshold Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Based on NGS of Symmetric Encryption","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410325956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17050737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/737/pdf?version=1746951728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/737/pdf?version=1746951728","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113173075","display_name":"Xu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100884847","display_name":"Zheng Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8639-6522"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China StarNet Network Application Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China StarNet Network Application Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100884847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9736,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73894929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"737","last_page":"737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9232000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9232000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.907800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7210372686386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6646111011505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6524157524108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6298057436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-encryption","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","score":0.5147085785865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/56-bit-encryption","display_name":"56-bit encryption","score":0.4855942130088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-encryption","display_name":"Multiple encryption","score":0.45428159832954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-key-algorithm","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","score":0.4346907138824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-secret-sharing","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","score":0.43327295780181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3302977979183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32404929399490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3219754695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23723185062408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.22185012698173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.1659194827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.08750370144844055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7210372686386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6646111011505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6524157524108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6298057436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.5147085785865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46905813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4640678","display_name":"56-bit encryption","level":4,"score":0.4855942130088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.45428159832954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4346907138824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132161212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891458","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","level":4,"score":0.43327295780181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3302977979183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32404929399490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3219754695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23723185062408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.22185012698173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.1659194827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.08750370144844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17050737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/737/pdf?version=1746951728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17050737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/737/pdf?version=1746951728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410325956.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410325956.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62933689","https://openalex.org/W198033559","https://openalex.org/W913176383","https://openalex.org/W1494049356","https://openalex.org/W1863832336","https://openalex.org/W1992282993","https://openalex.org/W2007466965","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2048994663","https://openalex.org/W2098290658","https://openalex.org/W2154797012","https://openalex.org/W2156030242","https://openalex.org/W2226167778","https://openalex.org/W2233194383","https://openalex.org/W2296488250","https://openalex.org/W2337969425","https://openalex.org/W2477092523","https://openalex.org/W2499340481","https://openalex.org/W2514005182","https://openalex.org/W2554750353","https://openalex.org/W2603065436","https://openalex.org/W2794501668","https://openalex.org/W2921955359","https://openalex.org/W2985527074","https://openalex.org/W2989741158","https://openalex.org/W2991092021","https://openalex.org/W3081517513","https://openalex.org/W3184856066","https://openalex.org/W3203604292","https://openalex.org/W3207821114","https://openalex.org/W3211401014","https://openalex.org/W4205873558","https://openalex.org/W4226075590","https://openalex.org/W4295884893","https://openalex.org/W4320154905","https://openalex.org/W4385654031","https://openalex.org/W6606067566","https://openalex.org/W6682976552","https://openalex.org/W6737791940","https://openalex.org/W6775293164","https://openalex.org/W6778434676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3181603331","https://openalex.org/W4243621294","https://openalex.org/W2564633714","https://openalex.org/W3040271687","https://openalex.org/W3118757263","https://openalex.org/W203043410","https://openalex.org/W2955176453","https://openalex.org/W4240313302","https://openalex.org/W2384237980","https://openalex.org/W4311536277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homomorphic":[0],"encryption":[1,21,29],"is":[2,23,56,76,113],"an":[3,64,80],"important":[4],"means":[5],"for":[6,27,58,126],"cloud":[7],"computing":[8,144],"to":[9,100],"ensure":[10],"information":[11],"security":[12,47],"when":[13],"outsourcing":[14],"data.":[15],"Among":[16],"them,":[17],"threshold":[18,74],"fully":[19],"homomorphic":[20,28,127,136],"(ThFHE)":[22],"a":[24,32,53,95],"key":[25],"enabler":[26],"and,":[30],"from":[31],"wider":[33],"perspective,":[34],"secure":[35],"distributed":[36],"computing.":[37],"However,":[38],"current":[39],"ThFHE":[40,55],"schemes":[41],"are":[42],"unsatisfactory":[43],"in":[44,118,153],"terms":[45,119],"of":[46,68,83,98,120,161],"and":[48,123,138,156],"efficiency.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"novel":[54],"proposed":[57],"the":[59,73,84,92,106,143,150,154,159,162],"first":[60],"time":[61,125],"based":[62],"on":[63],"NTRU-based":[65],"GSW-like":[66],"scheme":[67,89,93,112,155],"symmetric":[69],"encryption\u2014Th-S-NGS":[70],"scheme.":[71,163],"Additionally,":[72],"structure":[75],"realized":[77],"by":[78],"combining":[79],"extended":[81],"version":[82],"linear":[85],"integer":[86],"secret":[87],"sharing":[88],"such":[90],"that":[91],"requires":[94],"predetermined":[96],"number":[97],"parties":[99,107],"be":[101],"online,":[102],"rather":[103],"than":[104],"all":[105],"being":[108],"online.":[109],"The":[110],"Th-S-NGS":[111],"not":[114,132,141],"only":[115],"more":[116],"attractive":[117],"ciphertext":[121],"size":[122],"computation":[124],"multiplication,":[128,137],"but":[129],"also":[130],"does":[131,140],"need":[133],"re-linearization":[134],"after":[135],"thus":[139,157],"require":[142],"key,":[145],"which":[146],"can":[147],"effectively":[148],"reduce":[149],"communication":[151],"burden":[152],"simplify":[158],"complexity":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
