{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409503127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040603","title":"Process Optimization and Performance Characterization of Preparing 4A Molecular Sieves from Coal Gangue","display_name":"Process Optimization and Performance Characterization of Preparing 4A Molecular Sieves from Coal Gangue","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409503127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/603/pdf?version=1744869656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/603/pdf?version=1744869656","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100314778","display_name":"Dongpeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113411840","display_name":"Laiyang Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laiyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103621342","display_name":"Tiantian Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8401-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100713957","display_name":"Xiaofeng Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-3816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwen Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065942155","display_name":"Nayseang Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nie Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394702","display_name":"Fei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165859042","display_name":"Huaibei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek23472","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100394702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165859042"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.3155,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77453845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"603","last_page":"603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9103999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9103999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6485648155212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.6351340413093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-sieve","display_name":"Molecular sieve","score":0.5359272360801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.5220703482627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"Process optimization","score":0.4922904074192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal","display_name":"Coal","score":0.47864022850990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4230683445930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35151755809783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3378390073776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.31257593631744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.24990767240524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.21827435493469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.2058137059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1372801661491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption","display_name":"Adsorption","score":0.07463571429252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry","display_name":"Physical chemistry","score":0.0647478997707367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6485648155212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6351340413093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105281773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910229","display_name":"Molecular sieve","level":3,"score":0.5359272360801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5220703482627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115952470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332172","display_name":"Process optimization","level":2,"score":0.4922904074192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.47864022850990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4230683445930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35151755809783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3378390073776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31257593631744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.24990767240524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.21827435493469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2058137059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1372801661491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.07463571429252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0647478997707367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/603/pdf?version=1744869656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/603/pdf?version=1744869656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409503127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409503127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16431658","https://openalex.org/W1553527980","https://openalex.org/W1970081101","https://openalex.org/W1971914994","https://openalex.org/W1985195206","https://openalex.org/W1994518408","https://openalex.org/W2008421094","https://openalex.org/W2031189811","https://openalex.org/W2039130885","https://openalex.org/W2054164509","https://openalex.org/W2064642327","https://openalex.org/W2078462178","https://openalex.org/W2081579979","https://openalex.org/W2082822194","https://openalex.org/W2135649935","https://openalex.org/W2155840619","https://openalex.org/W2290349162","https://openalex.org/W2391674336","https://openalex.org/W2565260784","https://openalex.org/W2568513609","https://openalex.org/W2748830904","https://openalex.org/W2770385631","https://openalex.org/W2790004224","https://openalex.org/W2793127541","https://openalex.org/W2833138892","https://openalex.org/W2885875599","https://openalex.org/W2899588114","https://openalex.org/W2902766327","https://openalex.org/W2910311279","https://openalex.org/W2913141697","https://openalex.org/W2945338349","https://openalex.org/W2972313133","https://openalex.org/W2992698974","https://openalex.org/W2997518959","https://openalex.org/W3094493879","https://openalex.org/W3109693070","https://openalex.org/W3130744899","https://openalex.org/W3202911257","https://openalex.org/W3204256525","https://openalex.org/W3205998041","https://openalex.org/W4206947475","https://openalex.org/W4292157813","https://openalex.org/W4292380520","https://openalex.org/W4308125780","https://openalex.org/W4327971694","https://openalex.org/W4380630683","https://openalex.org/W4385704380","https://openalex.org/W4385958078","https://openalex.org/W4386913119","https://openalex.org/W4387363864","https://openalex.org/W4387675577","https://openalex.org/W4391383581","https://openalex.org/W4392805249","https://openalex.org/W4399709097","https://openalex.org/W4400286152","https://openalex.org/W4400546490","https://openalex.org/W4401591752","https://openalex.org/W6729340706","https://openalex.org/W6739993258","https://openalex.org/W6745985308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076581609","https://openalex.org/W2385768250","https://openalex.org/W2372689880","https://openalex.org/W2355199022","https://openalex.org/W1978583342","https://openalex.org/W3082288356","https://openalex.org/W2586843498","https://openalex.org/W2055788417","https://openalex.org/W4366961012","https://openalex.org/W1515874588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coal":[0,15],"mining":[1],"and":[2,25,53,95,118,130,151,184,210,238],"washing":[3],"processes":[4],"generate":[5],"substantial":[6],"amounts":[7],"of":[8,38,124,134,163,169,187,205,213,245],"coal":[9,61,246],"gangue,":[10],"posing":[11],"significant":[12],"environmental":[13],"challenges.":[14],"gangue":[16,62],"as":[17],"a":[18,46,146,190],"solid":[19],"waste":[20],"is":[21,174],"rich":[22],"in":[23,60,137],"SiO2":[24],"Al2O3,":[26],"with":[27,34,156,199],"the":[28,35,57,121,131,157,164,170,185,242],"SiO2/Al2O3":[29],"molar":[30],"ratio":[31],"closely":[32],"aligned":[33],"ideal":[36],"composition":[37],"4A":[39,108,158,171,177],"molecular":[40,172,178],"sieves.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"study,":[44],"through":[45],"synergistic":[47],"pretreatment":[48],"process":[49,227],"involving":[50],"low-temperature":[51],"oxidation":[52],"hydrochloric":[54],"acid":[55],"leaching,":[56],"Fe2O3":[58],"content":[59],"was":[63],"reduced":[64],"from":[65],"7.8":[66],"wt%":[67],"to":[68,101,219],"1.1":[69],"wt%,":[70],"markedly":[71],"enhancing":[72],"raw":[73],"material":[74],"purity.":[75],"The":[76,142,161,176,225],"alkali":[77,135],"fusion\u2013hydrothermal":[78],"synthesis":[79],"parameters":[80],"were":[81],"optimized":[82],"via":[83,111],"orthogonal":[84],"experiments\u2014calcination":[85],"(750":[86],"\u00b0C,":[87,92,98],"2":[88,93],"h),":[89,94],"aging":[90],"(60":[91],"crystallization":[96],"(95":[97],"6":[99],"h)":[100],"maintain":[102],"cubic":[103,147],"symmetry,":[104],"yielding":[105],"highly":[106],"crystalline":[107],"zeolite.":[109],"Characterization":[110],"XRD,":[112],"calcium":[113],"ion":[114],"adsorption":[115,182,186,192,226],"capacity,":[116],"SEM,":[117],"FTIR":[119],"elucidated":[120],"regulatory":[122],"mechanism":[123,193],"calcination":[125],"on":[126],"kaolinite":[127],"phase":[128],"transformation":[129],"critical":[132],"role":[133],"fusion":[136],"activating":[138],"silicon\u2013aluminum":[139],"component":[140],"release.":[141],"as-synthesized":[143],"zeolite":[144,159],"exhibited":[145],"morphology,":[148],"high":[149],"crystallinity,":[150],"sharp":[152],"diffraction":[153],"peaks":[154],"consistent":[155],"phase.":[160],"pH":[162],"zero":[165],"point":[166],"charge":[167],"(pHZPC)":[168],"sieve":[173,179],"6.13.":[175],"has":[180],"symmetry-driven":[181],"sites,":[183],"Cu2+":[188],"follows":[189],"monolayer":[191],"(Langmuir":[194],"model,":[195],"R2":[196],"=":[197,223],"0.997)":[198],"an":[200],"average":[201],"standard":[202],"enthalpy":[203],"change":[204,212],"38.96":[206],"\u00b1":[207,215],"4.47":[208],"kJ/mol":[209],"entropy":[211],"0.1277":[214],"0.0148":[216],"kJ/mol,":[217],"adhering":[218],"pseudo-second-order":[220],"kinetics":[221],"(R2":[222],"0.999).":[224],"can":[228],"be":[229],"divided":[230],"into":[231,241],"two":[232],"stages.":[233],"This":[234],"study":[235],"provides":[236],"theoretical":[237],"technical":[239],"insights":[240],"high-value":[243],"utilization":[244],"gangue.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}