{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409109897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040539","title":"A Symmetry-Based Hybrid Model of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning for Cold Storage Temperature Management","display_name":"A Symmetry-Based Hybrid Model of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning for Cold Storage Temperature Management","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409109897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103778573","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1718-0685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699775","display_name":"Lijie Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4355-3038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanting Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039767429","display_name":"Xiaoyu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4727-6236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004425454","display_name":"Mengjie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6054-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103778573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.7607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91653513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"539","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.5932592749595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.507845938205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.48485884070396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3665328621864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2504242956638336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18768516182899475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5932592749595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.507845938205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.48485884070396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3665328621864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2504242956638336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18768516182899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/2945435d-81b8-4aa9-bb0c-2d142f2c7405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/2945435d-81b8-4aa9-bb0c-2d142f2c7405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liu, Y, Guo, L, Hu, X & Zhou, M 2025, 'A Symmetry-Based Hybrid Model of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning for Cold Storage Temperature Management', Symmetry, vol. 17, no. 4, 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040539","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156597720","https://openalex.org/W1967254676","https://openalex.org/W1994005439","https://openalex.org/W1994935630","https://openalex.org/W2048697945","https://openalex.org/W2068385973","https://openalex.org/W2071817029","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2126869839","https://openalex.org/W2199113463","https://openalex.org/W2555237078","https://openalex.org/W2555999628","https://openalex.org/W2619807422","https://openalex.org/W2897835607","https://openalex.org/W2902065706","https://openalex.org/W2920872112","https://openalex.org/W2965356113","https://openalex.org/W3199712619","https://openalex.org/W3211972968","https://openalex.org/W4220940048","https://openalex.org/W4281634809","https://openalex.org/W4303644832","https://openalex.org/W4400932902","https://openalex.org/W4403510360","https://openalex.org/W4403762103","https://openalex.org/W4404187341","https://openalex.org/W6606351546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cold":[0],"chain":[1,238],"temperature":[2,58,69,148,223],"management":[3,224,250],"is":[4],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,116,161,221,235],"preserving":[7],"product":[8,170],"quality":[9,171],"and":[10,26,44,52,71,123,130,164,191,240],"safety":[11],"across":[12,138],"various":[13],"industries.":[14],"While":[15],"Computational":[16],"Fluid":[17],"Dynamics":[18],"(CFD)":[19],"provides":[20,232],"detailed":[21],"insights":[22,234],"into":[23],"thermal":[24,249],"analysis":[25,144,156],"fluid":[27],"dynamics,":[28],"its":[29,91],"computational":[30,50,96,206],"intensity":[31],"limits":[32],"practical":[33,219],"applications.":[34,228],"This":[35,175],"study":[36],"presents":[37],"a":[38,75,218],"novel":[39],"hybrid":[40,201,245],"approach":[41],"combining":[42],"CFD":[43,63,210],"machine":[45,117],"learning":[46,118],"to":[47,67,112],"enhance":[48],"both":[49],"efficiency":[51],"prediction":[53,215],"accuracy":[54],"in":[55,74,182,225,248],"cold":[56,86,146,189,226,237],"storage":[57,80,140,227],"management.":[59],"A":[60],"validated":[61],"3D":[62],"model":[64,100],"was":[65],"developed":[66,129],"analyze":[68],"distribution":[70],"airflow":[72],"patterns":[73,181],"refrigerated":[76],"container":[77],"with":[78,132,172,188],"multiple":[79],"boxes.":[81],"Taking":[82],"advantage":[83],"of":[84,185,208,244],"the":[85,150,183,205,242],"room\u2019s":[87],"symmetrical":[88],"design":[89],"along":[90],"longitudinal":[92],"axis":[93],"significantly":[94],"reduced":[95],"requirements":[97],"while":[98,154,212],"maintaining":[99,213],"accuracy.":[101],"Over":[102],"200":[103],"cases":[104],"were":[105,128],"simulated":[106],"by":[107],"varying":[108],"key":[109],"process":[110,186],"parameters":[111],"generate":[113],"training":[114],"data":[115],"models.":[119],"Random":[120],"Forest":[121],"(RF)":[122],"Neural":[124],"Network":[125],"(NN)":[126],"models":[127],"compared,":[131],"RF":[133],"demonstrating":[134],"consistently":[135],"superior":[136],"performance":[137],"all":[139],"locations.":[141],"Feature":[142],"importance":[143],"revealed":[145,179],"air":[147,162,190],"as":[149],"dominant":[151],"control":[152],"variable,":[153],"SHAP":[155],"identified":[157],"optimal":[158],"operational":[159],"ranges":[160],"velocity":[163],"heat":[165],"transfer":[166],"coefficients":[167],"that":[168],"balance":[169],"energy":[173],"efficiency.":[174],"research":[176,231],"work":[177],"also":[178],"distinct":[180],"influence":[184],"parameters,":[187],"ambient":[192],"temperatures":[193],"showing":[194],"hierarchical":[195],"impacts":[196],"on":[197],"system":[198],"performance.":[199],"The":[200],"methodology":[202],"successfully":[203],"addresses":[204],"limitations":[207],"traditional":[209],"approaches":[211,247],"high":[214],"accuracy,":[216],"offering":[217],"solution":[220],"sustainable":[222],"Finally,":[229],"this":[230],"valuable":[233],"optimizing":[236],"operations":[239],"demonstrates":[241],"potential":[243],"modeling":[246],"systems.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}