{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408781521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040487","title":"Improvement of Scheduling Optimization of Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Petri Net and Intelligent Algorithm","display_name":"Improvement of Scheduling Optimization of Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Petri Net and Intelligent Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408781521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040487","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/487/pdf?version=1742829927","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/487/pdf?version=1742829927","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016316525","display_name":"Yang Yu-hai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8856-2723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374806","display_name":"Xiaodong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3717-4410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011648302","display_name":"Wei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5775-1222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011648302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05572956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"487","last_page":"487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14420","display_name":"Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8375999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14420","display_name":"Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.8375999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13935","display_name":"Mathematical Control Systems and Analysis","score":0.782800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14470","display_name":"Advanced Data Processing Techniques","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-net","display_name":"Petri net","score":0.7985285520553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7322415709495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7092998027801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.517874002456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.46322181820869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41354238986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38923293352127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.18214276432991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09334716200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08587974309921265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.7985285520553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7322415709495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7092998027801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.517874002456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.46322181820869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41354238986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38923293352127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.18214276432991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09334716200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08587974309921265}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040487","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/487/pdf?version=1742829927","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17040487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040487","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/4/487/pdf?version=1742829927","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1678784280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2845745503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5619210744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A01001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6859228541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RT14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6914364356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023JH2/101300207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408781521.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896741053","https://openalex.org/W2916692683","https://openalex.org/W3083874292","https://openalex.org/W3203913735","https://openalex.org/W4200507171","https://openalex.org/W4223536612","https://openalex.org/W4236055269","https://openalex.org/W4281264635","https://openalex.org/W4282946405","https://openalex.org/W4327954444","https://openalex.org/W4377088856","https://openalex.org/W4381744785","https://openalex.org/W4385335505","https://openalex.org/W4385602978","https://openalex.org/W4386121299","https://openalex.org/W4391514182","https://openalex.org/W4403399922","https://openalex.org/W4405081325","https://openalex.org/W6654845827","https://openalex.org/W6839195255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551257573","https://openalex.org/W4230983483","https://openalex.org/W2132799268","https://openalex.org/W1980200158","https://openalex.org/W2154794415","https://openalex.org/W791317142","https://openalex.org/W2982241419","https://openalex.org/W2109094990","https://openalex.org/W1538101305","https://openalex.org/W2285444239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-physical":[0],"systems":[1],"need":[2],"more":[3],"intelligent":[4],"decision-making":[5],"methods.":[6],"To":[7],"address":[8],"this":[9,146],"issue":[10],"with":[11,39],"respect":[12],"to":[13,84,130,152],"incomplete":[14],"process":[15,111],"models":[16,156],"and":[17,140],"inefficient":[18],"scheduling,":[19],"we":[20,117],"have":[21,53],"previously":[22],"proposed":[23],"a":[24,68,85,107],"new":[25],"method":[26,34,125],"called":[27],"Petri-nets-adaptive":[28],"ant":[29],"colony":[30],"optimization":[31],"(PN-AACO).":[32],"This":[33,82],"targets":[35],"small-scale":[36],"job":[37,47,55],"shops":[38,44],"shared":[40],"resource":[41,50],"limits.":[42],"These":[43],"require":[45],"symmetric":[46],"designs":[48],"for":[49],"sharing":[51],"but":[52,66],"asymmetric":[54],"processing":[56],"times.":[57],"PN-AACO":[58,121],"uses":[59,126],"Petri":[60,80],"net":[61],"symmetry":[62],"at":[63],"edge":[64],"nodes":[65],"faces":[67],"problem.":[69],"Its":[70],"marking\u2013transition":[71],"pheromone":[72,128,132],"index":[73],"mechanism":[74],"causes":[75],"state":[76],"space":[77],"explosion":[78],"from":[79],"nets.":[81],"leads":[83],"decrease":[86],"in":[87,94,100,106,154],"the":[88,92,95,119],"computational":[89],"speed":[90],"of":[91,97],"algorithm":[93],"face":[96],"an":[98],"increase":[99],"scale":[101],"or":[102],"state,":[103],"which":[104],"results":[105],"longer":[108],"overall":[109],"manufacturing":[110],"time":[112],"that":[113],"impacts":[114],"productivity.":[115],"Thus,":[116],"propose":[118],"improved":[120,124],"(iPN-AACO).":[122],"The":[123],"transition\u2013transition":[127],"recording":[129],"control":[131],"amounts.":[133],"It":[134],"also":[135],"adds":[136],"pheromone-based":[137],"initial":[138],"selection":[139],"best-known-paths-based":[141],"probability":[142],"rules.":[143],"Tests":[144],"show":[145],"approach":[147],"speeds":[148],"up":[149,151],"computations":[150],"92%":[153],"more-states":[155],"while":[157],"keeping":[158],"scheduling":[159],"effective.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}