{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408034943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030366","title":"Can the Solar Atmosphere Generate Very-High-Energy Cosmic Rays?","display_name":"Can the Solar Atmosphere Generate Very-High-Energy Cosmic Rays?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408034943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/366/pdf?version=1740720129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/366/pdf?version=1740720129","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030031784","display_name":"Z. Osmanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-5356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802362320","display_name":"Evgeni Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02gkgrd84","country_code":"GE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802362320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162416","display_name":"Free University of Tbilisi","ror":"https://ror.org/05rr3y439","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162416"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zaza N. Osmanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["E. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia","School of Physics, Free University of Tbilisi, 0183 Tbilisi, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Free University of Tbilisi, 0183 Tbilisi, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104506432","display_name":"D. Kuridze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-2311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088762","display_name":"National Solar Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9pg524","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313867356","https://openalex.org/I4210088762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Kuridze","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Solar Observatory, 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Solar Observatory, 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088762","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009504172","display_name":"S. M. Mahajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2415-4840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125919","display_name":"Fusion (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vtgg877","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125919"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swadesh M. Mahajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309","https://openalex.org/I4210125919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030031784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362320","https://openalex.org/I4210162416"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.2761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80946052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"366","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray","display_name":"Cosmic ray","score":0.8040087223052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.7498714923858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.541858434677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.5054736137390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray","display_name":"Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray","score":0.49184179306030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-threat-from-cosmic-rays","display_name":"Health threat from cosmic rays","score":0.4547426700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pamela-detector","display_name":"PAMELA detector","score":0.4409109652042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.4178921580314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.41360390186309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3631037473678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronal-mass-ejection","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","score":0.22796961665153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"Solar wind","score":0.20420998334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.14998164772987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.14701512455940247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.8040087223052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7498714923858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.541858434677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.5054736137390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91752515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770333","display_name":"Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray","level":3,"score":0.49184179306030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43004474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691173","display_name":"Health threat from cosmic rays","level":5,"score":0.4547426700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38670781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105741","display_name":"PAMELA detector","level":4,"score":0.4409109652042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.4178921580314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.41360390186309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3631037473678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72886185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129890","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","level":4,"score":0.22796961665153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.20420998334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.14998164772987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.14701512455940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/366/pdf?version=1740720129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/366/pdf?version=1740720129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1508468927","display_name":"Solar System Physics at Aberystwyth University","funder_award_id":"ST/W000865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3772413850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-FG 03-96ER-54366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G538084039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ST/W000865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","ror":"https://ror.org/057g20z61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408034943.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W337816440","https://openalex.org/W1674647569","https://openalex.org/W1977604962","https://openalex.org/W1989756559","https://openalex.org/W2015438493","https://openalex.org/W2034895394","https://openalex.org/W2044597842","https://openalex.org/W2054923548","https://openalex.org/W2133022257","https://openalex.org/W2294311575","https://openalex.org/W2924228888","https://openalex.org/W2972499101","https://openalex.org/W2985963068","https://openalex.org/W2992481160","https://openalex.org/W3029189550","https://openalex.org/W3098143950","https://openalex.org/W3100063856","https://openalex.org/W3106791448","https://openalex.org/W3201707142","https://openalex.org/W4212865033","https://openalex.org/W4212871287","https://openalex.org/W4220845080","https://openalex.org/W4244466738","https://openalex.org/W4282935598","https://openalex.org/W4282983974","https://openalex.org/W4387618006","https://openalex.org/W6674601715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2495595182","https://openalex.org/W2031202287","https://openalex.org/W1545779998","https://openalex.org/W4229452495","https://openalex.org/W3002577443","https://openalex.org/W4390283815","https://openalex.org/W2487799101","https://openalex.org/W1985264271","https://openalex.org/W156664775","https://openalex.org/W134475810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35],"origin":[1],"and":[2,25,54,93],"acceleration":[3],"of":[4,38,46],"high-energy":[5],"particles,":[6,59],"constituting":[7],"cosmic":[8,27,40,144],"rays,":[9,28],"is":[10],"likely":[11],"to":[12,68,113,134,139],"remain":[13],"an":[14],"important":[15],"topic":[16],"in":[17,121,141],"modern":[18],"astrophysics.":[19],"Among":[20],"the":[21,29,47,77,83,89,94,107,122,131,142],"two":[22],"categories":[23],"galactic":[24,70,143],"solar":[26,39,52,90,104],"latter":[30],"are":[31,43,61],"much":[32],"less":[33],"investigated.":[34],"primary":[36],"source":[37],"ray":[41],"particles":[42],"impulsive":[44],"explosions":[45],"magnetized":[48],"plasma,":[49],"known":[50],"as":[51],"flares":[53],"coronal":[55],"mass":[56],"ejections.":[57],"These":[58],"however,":[60],"characterized":[62],"by":[63,88],"relatively":[64],"low":[65],"energies":[66,136,140],"compared":[67],"their":[69],"counterparts.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"work,":[74],"we":[75],"explore":[76],"resonance":[78],"wave\u2013wave":[79],"(RWW)":[80],"interaction":[81,109],"between":[82],"polarized":[84],"electromagnetic":[85,123],"radiation":[86],"emitted":[87],"active":[91],"regions":[92],"quantum":[95],"waves":[96],"associated":[97],"with":[98],"high-energy,":[99],"relativistic":[100,132],"electrons":[101,133],"generated":[102],"during":[103],"flares.":[105],"Mathematically,":[106],"RWW":[108,128],"problem":[110],"boils":[111],"down":[112],"analyzing":[114],"a":[115],"Klein\u2013Gordon":[116],"Equation":[117],"(spinless":[118],"electrons)":[119],"embedded":[120],"field.":[124],"We":[125],"find":[126],"that":[127],"could":[129],"accelerate":[130],"enormous":[135],"even":[137],"comparable":[138],"rays.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}