{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407907571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030339","title":"Field Experiments on a Square-Hole-Type Metamaterial: Exploring the Attenuation of Rayleigh and Love Waves","display_name":"Field Experiments on a Square-Hole-Type Metamaterial: Exploring the Attenuation of Rayleigh and Love Waves","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407907571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/339/pdf?version=1740388870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/339/pdf?version=1740388870","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109781414","display_name":"Xinchao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098369","display_name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyv1r78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369","https://openalex.org/I90149893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Building Failure Mechanism and Defense of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China","School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Building Failure Mechanism and Defense of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893","https://openalex.org/I4210098369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101700358","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-4507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740182","display_name":"Qingfan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-1213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingfan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100740182","https://openalex.org/A5101700358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64444345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"339","last_page":"339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12206","display_name":"Vibration and Dynamic Analysis","score":0.932699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.7347636222839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.6909571290016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6003139615058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.5462446212768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-scattering","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","score":0.5256370306015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5027360916137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.5012283325195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.477383553981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-wave","display_name":"Rayleigh wave","score":0.4582980275154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4305080771446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.2587393522262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2321907877922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15837574005126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14882484078407288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.7347636222839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6909571290016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6003139615058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.5462446212768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193709","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","level":2,"score":0.5256370306015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5027360916137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5012283325195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.477383553981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51473458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351144","display_name":"Rayleigh wave","level":3,"score":0.4582980275154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4305080771446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.2587393522262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2321907877922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15837574005126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14882484078407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/339/pdf?version=1740388870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/339/pdf?version=1740388870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3473955448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11974044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407907571.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040701462","https://openalex.org/W2326214142","https://openalex.org/W2417284218","https://openalex.org/W2477126165","https://openalex.org/W2517114688","https://openalex.org/W2566306151","https://openalex.org/W2583523942","https://openalex.org/W2606568134","https://openalex.org/W2737940682","https://openalex.org/W2753241413","https://openalex.org/W2804550210","https://openalex.org/W2809668611","https://openalex.org/W2952474057","https://openalex.org/W2964090046","https://openalex.org/W2967177668","https://openalex.org/W2970882667","https://openalex.org/W2979859417","https://openalex.org/W2991596650","https://openalex.org/W2995841519","https://openalex.org/W3037898252","https://openalex.org/W3038519072","https://openalex.org/W3041386117","https://openalex.org/W3104797713","https://openalex.org/W3114987803","https://openalex.org/W3126706677","https://openalex.org/W3130779156","https://openalex.org/W3151335129","https://openalex.org/W3169860110","https://openalex.org/W3174622526","https://openalex.org/W3187248824","https://openalex.org/W3196873238","https://openalex.org/W3197952193","https://openalex.org/W3211848517","https://openalex.org/W4211255190","https://openalex.org/W4220961874","https://openalex.org/W4284704888","https://openalex.org/W4296526516","https://openalex.org/W4302282256","https://openalex.org/W4311439052","https://openalex.org/W4312221924","https://openalex.org/W4313551306","https://openalex.org/W4318159359","https://openalex.org/W4393934659","https://openalex.org/W4403330350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570806970","https://openalex.org/W2174268617","https://openalex.org/W4390331329","https://openalex.org/W2951552468","https://openalex.org/W2045305845","https://openalex.org/W1970642653","https://openalex.org/W65859210","https://openalex.org/W2059740292","https://openalex.org/W1978290204","https://openalex.org/W2034364859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seismic":[0],"metamaterials":[1,173],"have":[2,17],"gained":[3],"significant":[4],"attention":[5,46],"for":[6,167],"their":[7,32],"ability":[8],"to":[9,48],"reduce":[10],"seismic":[11,24,58,126,162,182],"wave":[12,102,157,183],"energy.":[13],"However,":[14],"numerical":[15,70],"simulations":[16,71],"dominated":[18],"the":[19,35,118,125,152,168,178],"majority":[20],"of":[21,66,154,172,180],"research":[22,74],"on":[23,40,82],"metamaterials,":[25,127,163],"with":[26,44],"relatively":[27],"few":[28],"field":[29,89],"experiments":[30],"validating":[31],"effectiveness.":[33],"Additionally,":[34],"focus":[36],"has":[37],"primarily":[38],"been":[39],"attenuating":[41],"Rayleigh":[42,83,135,141],"waves,":[43,84,87],"less":[45],"given":[47],"Love":[49,86,129],"waves.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"study,":[53],"we":[54,111],"first":[55],"designed":[56],"a":[57,61,108],"metamaterial":[59],"featuring":[60],"periodic":[62],"and":[63,170],"symmetric":[64],"array":[65],"square":[67],"holes":[68],"using":[69],"as":[72],"our":[73],"platform.":[75],"We":[76],"then":[77],"explored":[78],"its":[79],"attenuation":[80,99,133,145],"effects":[81],"particularly":[85],"through":[88],"experiments.":[90],"The":[91],"results":[92],"revealed":[93],"not":[94],"only":[95],"differences":[96],"in":[97],"energy":[98,179],"between":[100],"these":[101],"types":[103,158],"but,":[104],"more":[105],"importantly,":[106],"uncovered":[107],"phenomenon":[109],"that":[110,121,174],"termed":[112],"Bandgap-Induced":[113],"Attenuation":[114],"Mode":[115],"Inversion":[116],"within":[117],"ultra-broadband":[119],"gap":[120],"was":[122],"generated":[123],"by":[124],"where":[128],"waves":[130,136,142],"exhibited":[131,143],"greater":[132,144],"than":[134],"below":[137],"50":[138,147],"Hz,":[139],"while":[140],"above":[146],"Hz.":[148],"These":[149],"findings":[150],"highlight":[151],"necessity":[153],"considering":[155],"both":[156],"when":[159],"designing":[160],"cost-effective":[161],"providing":[164],"valuable":[165],"insights":[166],"development":[169],"application":[171],"can":[175],"effectively":[176],"mitigate":[177],"different":[181],"modes.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
