{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407906012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030338","title":"Why Poincare Symmetry Is a Good Approximate Symmetry in Particle Theory","display_name":"Why Poincare Symmetry Is a Good Approximate Symmetry in Particle Theory","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407906012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030338","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/338/pdf?version=1740384595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/338/pdf?version=1740384595","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036991730","display_name":"Felix M. Lev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-3080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felix M. Lev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, San Diego, CA 92101, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, San Diego, CA 92101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036991730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02437948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"338","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.7508697509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5042487382888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-symmetry","display_name":"Global symmetry","score":0.49259883165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poincar\u00e9-conjecture","display_name":"Poincar\u00e9 conjecture","score":0.4872807264328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-physics","display_name":"Mathematical physics","score":0.44919490814208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41263994574546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.39055824279785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.3604525625705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry-breaking","display_name":"Symmetry breaking","score":0.2759471833705902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-symmetry-breaking","display_name":"Spontaneous symmetry breaking","score":0.26892194151878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.23969677090644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2079460322856903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7508697509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5042487382888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192423722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455736","display_name":"Global symmetry","level":4,"score":0.49259883165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88221313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203586","display_name":"Poincar\u00e9 conjecture","level":2,"score":0.4872807264328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.44919490814208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41263994574546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.39055824279785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3604525625705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204795200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903282","display_name":"Symmetry breaking","level":2,"score":0.2759471833705902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125881977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736716","display_name":"Spontaneous symmetry breaking","level":3,"score":0.26892194151878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.23969677090644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2079460322856903}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030338","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/338/pdf?version=1740384595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04968856v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04968856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, 2025, Symmetry, 17 (3), paper 338. ⟨10.3390/sym17030338⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17030338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030338","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/3/338/pdf?version=1740384595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407906012.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167093138","https://openalex.org/W585544833","https://openalex.org/W1972574204","https://openalex.org/W2026876548","https://openalex.org/W2029921350","https://openalex.org/W2044503774","https://openalex.org/W2091648847","https://openalex.org/W3094908515","https://openalex.org/W3151195138","https://openalex.org/W3207282895","https://openalex.org/W4250876885","https://openalex.org/W4296012296","https://openalex.org/W4296539661","https://openalex.org/W4315796743","https://openalex.org/W4321471683","https://openalex.org/W4407163392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231291595","https://openalex.org/W2029230548","https://openalex.org/W4245609766","https://openalex.org/W1606211735","https://openalex.org/W2026588291","https://openalex.org/W2381111886","https://openalex.org/W3125476639","https://openalex.org/W93507449","https://openalex.org/W2364286536","https://openalex.org/W2329192282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"shown":[1],"by":[2],"Dyson":[3],"in":[4,37,53,60,83,138,145],"his":[5],"famous":[6],"paper":[7],"\u201cMissed":[8],"Opportunities\u201d,":[9],"it":[10],"follows,":[11],"even":[12],"from":[13],"purely":[14,95],"mathematical":[15],"considerations,":[16],"that":[17,133],"quantum":[18,27,86],"Poincare":[19,40,99],"symmetry":[20,41,100,105],"is":[21,48,70,101,135],"a":[22,44,58,102],"special":[23],"degenerate":[24],"case":[25,137],"of":[26,35,66,85,109,114,125,151],"de":[28,54,67,89],"Sitter":[29,55,68,90,117],"symmetries.":[30],"Thus,":[31],"the":[32,64,74,107,110,115,123,126,136,139],"usual":[33],"explanation":[34],"why,":[36],"particle":[38],"physics,":[39],"works":[42],"with":[43],"very":[45,71],"high":[46],"accuracy":[47],"as":[49],"follows.":[50],"A":[51],"theory":[52,59,147],"space":[56,62,69],"becomes":[57],"Minkowski":[61,92],"when":[63],"radius":[65],"high.":[72],"However,":[73],"answer":[75],"to":[76],"this":[77,134],"question":[78],"must":[79],"be":[80],"given":[81],"only":[82],"terms":[84],"concepts,":[87],"while":[88],"and":[91],"spaces":[93],"are":[94,119,148],"classical":[96],"concepts.":[97],"Quantum":[98],"good":[103],"approximate":[104],"if":[106],"eigenvalues":[108,124],"representation":[111],"operators":[112,127],"M4\u03bc":[113],"anti-de":[116],"algebra":[118],"much":[120],"greater":[121],"than":[122],"M\u03bc\u03bd":[128],"(\u03bc,\u03bd=0,1,2,3).":[129],"We":[130],"explicitly":[131],"show":[132],"Flato\u2013Fronsdal":[140],"approach,":[141],"where":[142],"elementary":[143],"particles":[144],"standard":[146],"bound":[149],"states":[150],"two":[152],"Dirac":[153],"singletons.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}