{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407156795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020232","title":"Irreversibility, Dissipation, and Its Measure: A New Perspective","display_name":"Irreversibility, Dissipation, and Its Measure: A New Perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407156795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020232","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080688623","display_name":"P. D. Gujrati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-5062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110152177","display_name":"University of Akron","ror":"https://ror.org/02kyckx55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110152177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Purushottam Das Gujrati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA","School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110152177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110152177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080688623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110152177"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.8563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88460394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"232","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.8672999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.8672999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.8131101727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.680801272392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.6651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.47023671865463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4346140921115875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3398451805114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3297179341316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3126547932624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.13207343220710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13112780451774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.12435466051101685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.8131101727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.680801272392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.6651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.47023671865463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4346140921115875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3398451805114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3297179341316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3126547932624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.13207343220710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13112780451774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.12435466051101685}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W293799436","https://openalex.org/W635799761","https://openalex.org/W803608787","https://openalex.org/W1968532084","https://openalex.org/W1969077864","https://openalex.org/W1975372748","https://openalex.org/W1983082358","https://openalex.org/W1984976714","https://openalex.org/W1992319674","https://openalex.org/W1992384697","https://openalex.org/W2002116790","https://openalex.org/W2003845158","https://openalex.org/W2007160145","https://openalex.org/W2017960197","https://openalex.org/W2021820673","https://openalex.org/W2029661643","https://openalex.org/W2030371292","https://openalex.org/W2031451638","https://openalex.org/W2032032255","https://openalex.org/W2041448954","https://openalex.org/W2053060905","https://openalex.org/W2058205997","https://openalex.org/W2070163586","https://openalex.org/W2076602648","https://openalex.org/W2080274135","https://openalex.org/W2081432279","https://openalex.org/W2102277728","https://openalex.org/W2122990684","https://openalex.org/W2126066275","https://openalex.org/W2126479355","https://openalex.org/W2143381056","https://openalex.org/W2149801992","https://openalex.org/W2154803134","https://openalex.org/W2477223951","https://openalex.org/W2556828358","https://openalex.org/W2578176545","https://openalex.org/W2587475762","https://openalex.org/W2780647994","https://openalex.org/W2788316705","https://openalex.org/W2914910935","https://openalex.org/W2963594973","https://openalex.org/W3037353872","https://openalex.org/W3043240905","https://openalex.org/W3044712125","https://openalex.org/W3111367662","https://openalex.org/W3114668747","https://openalex.org/W3215113436","https://openalex.org/W3216923758","https://openalex.org/W4200004785","https://openalex.org/W4210400928","https://openalex.org/W4231381519","https://openalex.org/W4244360209","https://openalex.org/W4251630942","https://openalex.org/W4285024498","https://openalex.org/W4300825577","https://openalex.org/W4386119961","https://openalex.org/W4391025313","https://openalex.org/W4394849021","https://openalex.org/W4396760295","https://openalex.org/W4403647960","https://openalex.org/W6634132281","https://openalex.org/W6723804788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2347486132","https://openalex.org/W2316789606","https://openalex.org/W2350340797","https://openalex.org/W4293224283","https://openalex.org/W2950501077","https://openalex.org/W2368601041","https://openalex.org/W2079984045","https://openalex.org/W2582182843","https://openalex.org/W2360060283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dissipation":[0,16],"and":[1,55,108,113,134,147,157,183],"irreversibility":[2],"are":[3,11,186,262],"two":[4],"central":[5],"concepts":[6],"of":[7,143,174],"classical":[8],"thermodynamics":[9,80],"that":[10,38,51,95,164,181,211,236],"often":[12,40],"treated":[13],"as":[14,42,81],"synonymous.":[15],"D":[17,97,144,165,175],"is":[18,25,39,53,56,73,93,98,158,162,166,194],"lost":[19],"or":[20],"dissipated":[21],"work":[22],"Wdiss\u22650":[23],"but":[24,178],"commonly":[26],"quantified":[27],"by":[28,61,101],"entropy":[29],"generation":[30],"\u0394iS":[31],"in":[32,46,115,125,227,257],"an":[33,116,122,228],"isothermal":[34],"irreversible":[35,106,243],"macroscopic":[36],"process":[37],"expressed":[41],"Kullback\u2013Leibler":[43],"distance":[44],"DKL":[45,52],"modern":[47],"literature.":[48],"We":[49,200,209,234,250],"argue":[50,235],"nonthermodynamic,":[54],"erroneously":[57],"justified":[58],"for":[59,103,130,132,136,216],"quantification":[60],"mistakenly":[62],"equating":[63],"exchange":[64],"microwork":[65,70],"\u0394eWk":[66],"with":[67,145],"the":[68,126,197,202,207,247],"system-intrinsic":[69],"\u0394Wk=\u0394eWk+\u0394iWk,":[71],"which":[72,193],"a":[74,138],"very":[75],"common":[76,198],"error":[77],"permeating":[78],"stochastic":[79],"was":[82],"first":[83],"pointed":[84],"out":[85],"several":[86],"years":[87],"ago,":[88],"see":[89],"text.":[90],"Recently,":[91],"it":[92],"discovered":[94],"dissipation":[96,128],"properly":[99],"identified":[100],"\u0394iW\u22650":[102],"all":[104,109,217],"spontaneously":[105],"processes":[107],"temperatures":[110],"T,":[111],"positive":[112],"negative":[114],"isolated":[117],"system.":[118],"As":[119],"T":[120],"plays":[121],"important":[123],"role":[124],"quantification,":[127],"allows":[129,215],"\u0394iS\u22650":[131],"T>0,":[133],"\u0394iS<0":[135],"T<0,":[137],"surprising":[139,232],"result.":[140,233],"The":[141,172],"connection":[142],"Wdiss":[146],"its":[148],"extension":[149],"to":[150,170,190,196,205,219,242,246,252,265],"interacting":[151],"systems":[152],"have":[153],"not":[154,167,187,240],"been":[155],"explored":[156],"attempted":[159],"here.":[160],"It":[161],"found":[163],"always":[168],"proportional":[169],"\u0394iS.":[171],"determination":[173],"requires":[176],"dipk,":[177],"we":[179],"show":[180],"Fokker-Planck":[182,203],"master":[184],"equations":[185],"general":[188],"enough":[189],"determine":[191],"it,":[192],"contrary":[195,245],"belief.":[199],"modify":[201],"equation":[204],"fix":[206],"issue.":[208],"find":[210],"detailed":[212],"balance":[213],"also":[214],"microstates":[218],"remain":[220],"disconnected":[221],"without":[222],"any":[223],"transition":[224],"among":[225],"them":[226],"equilibrium":[229],"macrostate,":[230],"another":[231],"Liouville\u2019s":[237],"theorem":[238],"should":[239],"apply":[241],"processes,":[244],"claim":[248],"otherwise.":[249],"suggest":[251],"use":[253],"nonequilibrium":[254],"statistical":[255],"mechanics":[256],"extended":[258],"space,":[259],"where":[260],"pk\u2019s":[261],"uniquely":[263],"determined":[264],"evaluate":[266],"D.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}