{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406693622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020166","title":"A Technique for Image Encryption Using the Modular Multiplicative Inverse Property of Mersenne Primes","display_name":"A Technique for Image Encryption Using the Modular Multiplicative Inverse Property of Mersenne Primes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406693622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/166/pdf?version=1737605342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/166/pdf?version=1737605342","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115979009","display_name":"M. A. Shanooja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129367976","display_name":"APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04yn30r61","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129367976"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shanooja M. A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Federal Institute of Science and Technology (FISAT), APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU), Angamaly 683577, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Federal Institute of Science and Technology (FISAT), APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU), Angamaly 683577, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129367976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052085312","display_name":"Anil Kumar M.N.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129367976","display_name":"APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04yn30r61","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129367976"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Kumar M. N.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Federal Institute of Science and Technology (FISAT), APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU), Angamaly 683577, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Federal Institute of Science and Technology (FISAT), APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU), Angamaly 683577, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129367976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115979009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129367976"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":4.968,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94382377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"166","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13234","display_name":"advanced mathematical theories","score":0.9171000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mersenne-prime","display_name":"Mersenne prime","score":0.9526858329772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-function","display_name":"Multiplicative function","score":0.6055366396903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5612335801124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5458373427391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5261542201042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4915331304073334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4756340980529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.47500383853912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4710134267807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4083541929721832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.29126524925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22985142469406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.12301957607269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1161159873008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10729333758354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07090076804161072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29641680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186875","display_name":"Mersenne prime","level":2,"score":0.9526858329772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42747912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447","display_name":"Multiplicative function","level":2,"score":0.6055366396903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5612335801124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5458373427391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5261542201042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4915331304073334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4756340980529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.47500383853912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4710134267807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4083541929721832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.29126524925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22985142469406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12301957607269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1161159873008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10729333758354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07090076804161072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/166/pdf?version=1737605342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17020166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/2/166/pdf?version=1737605342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406693622.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406693622.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1913074635","https://openalex.org/W1972342721","https://openalex.org/W2032437927","https://openalex.org/W2162793259","https://openalex.org/W2164774316","https://openalex.org/W2257884123","https://openalex.org/W2290092881","https://openalex.org/W2386090152","https://openalex.org/W2564046431","https://openalex.org/W2729344185","https://openalex.org/W2770022950","https://openalex.org/W2790033804","https://openalex.org/W2889504715","https://openalex.org/W2891021314","https://openalex.org/W2900771846","https://openalex.org/W2901602009","https://openalex.org/W2902044045","https://openalex.org/W2909459674","https://openalex.org/W2917426586","https://openalex.org/W2967844595","https://openalex.org/W3019245231","https://openalex.org/W3024223654","https://openalex.org/W3035209172","https://openalex.org/W3037758685","https://openalex.org/W3157064190","https://openalex.org/W3211136635","https://openalex.org/W4232128910","https://openalex.org/W4236752099","https://openalex.org/W4237507573","https://openalex.org/W4282570969","https://openalex.org/W4284692640","https://openalex.org/W4289731404","https://openalex.org/W4363647205","https://openalex.org/W4387042179","https://openalex.org/W4389495058","https://openalex.org/W4390819739","https://openalex.org/W4400975332","https://openalex.org/W4401536771","https://openalex.org/W4405325102","https://openalex.org/W6675815273","https://openalex.org/W6681173660","https://openalex.org/W6745331963","https://openalex.org/W6853376131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363280288","https://openalex.org/W2356863210","https://openalex.org/W2025877929","https://openalex.org/W4380898298","https://openalex.org/W2382359992","https://openalex.org/W2033442294","https://openalex.org/W2942776097","https://openalex.org/W2363807867","https://openalex.org/W2386345736","https://openalex.org/W2391716120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mersenne":[0,39,61],"prime":[1],"numbers,":[2],"expressed":[3],"in":[4,133,166],"the":[5,35,64,73,134,138,152,157,176],"form":[6],"(2n":[7],"\u2212":[8],"1),":[9],"have":[10],"long":[11],"captivated":[12],"researchers":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,23,150],"their":[16],"unique":[17],"properties.":[18],"The":[19,53,67,81,99,124,160],"presented":[20],"work":[21],"aims":[22],"develop":[24],"a":[25,30,87,115,186],"symmetric":[26],"cryptographic":[27,180],"algorithm":[28],"using":[29,76,114],"novel":[31,55],"technique":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34],"logical":[36],"properties":[37,140],"of":[38,89,105,109,126],"primes.":[40],"Existing":[41],"encryption":[42],"algorithms":[43],"exhibit":[44],"certain":[45],"challenges,":[46],"such":[47],"as":[48],"scalability":[49],"and":[50,94,121,130,141,172,188],"design":[51],"complexity.":[52],"proposed":[54,82],"modular":[56,95],"multiplicative":[57,74,96],"inverse":[58,75],"property":[59],"over":[60],"primes":[62],"simplifies":[63],"encryption/decryption":[65,84,135],"process.":[66],"simplification":[68],"is":[69,101,112],"achieved":[70],"by":[71],"computing":[72],"cyclic":[77,127],"bit":[78,92,128],"shift":[79],"operation.":[80],"image":[83,100,153,158],"scheme":[85],"involves":[86],"series":[88],"exor,":[90],"complement,":[91],"shift,":[93],"inversion":[97],"operations.":[98],"segmented":[102],"into":[103],"blocks":[104,111],"521":[106],"bits.":[107],"Each":[108],"these":[110],"encrypted":[113],"521-bit":[116],"key,":[117],"ensuring":[118],"high":[119],"entropy":[120],"low":[122],"predictability.":[123],"inclusion":[125],"shifting":[129],"XOR":[131],"operations":[132],"process":[136],"enhances":[137],"diffusion":[139],"resistance":[142],"against":[143,179],"attacks.":[144,181],"This":[145],"approach":[146],"was":[147],"experimentally":[148],"proven":[149],"secure":[151,189],"data":[154],"while":[155],"preserving":[156],"structure.":[159],"experimental":[161],"results":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"significant":[164],"improvements":[165],"security":[167],"metrics,":[168],"including":[169],"key":[170],"sensitivity":[171],"correlation":[173],"coefficients,":[174],"confirming":[175],"technique\u2019s":[177],"effectiveness":[178],"Overall,":[182],"this":[183],"method":[184],"offers":[185],"scalable":[187],"solution":[190],"for":[191],"encrypting":[192],"high-resolution":[193],"digital":[194],"images":[195],"without":[196],"compromising":[197],"computational":[198],"efficiency.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}