{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405808930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17010020","title":"Energy-Efficient Connectivity Algorithm for Directional Sensor Networks in Edge Intelligence Systems","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Connectivity Algorithm for Directional Sensor Networks in Edge Intelligence Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405808930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17010020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/1/20/pdf?version=1735206252","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/1/20/pdf?version=1735206252","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101720948","display_name":"D.M. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-7754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017770710","display_name":"China North Industries Group Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwdhv97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingcheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211111, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211111, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004060021","display_name":"Xueyong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6429-659X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017770710","display_name":"China North Industries Group Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwdhv97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xueyong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211111, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211111, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702058","display_name":"Chang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-5888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017770710","display_name":"China North Industries Group Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwdhv97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211111, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211111, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025540088","display_name":"Dapeng Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-4559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dapeng Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004060021"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.2171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5642225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7212156057357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6476787328720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.62975013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6074778437614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology-control","display_name":"Topology control","score":0.589387059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4816800057888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.45345422625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44081762433052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4390719532966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4201541543006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3546118140220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34513309597969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.219812273979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12564420700073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.1069563627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10437315702438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10401305556297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0785917341709137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7212156057357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6476787328720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.62975013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6074778437614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778034918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3689301","display_name":"Topology control","level":5,"score":0.589387059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4816800057888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45345422625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44081762433052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4390719532966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4201541543006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3546118140220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34513309597969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.219812273979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12564420700073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.1069563627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10437315702438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10401305556297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0785917341709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/1/20/pdf?version=1735206252","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee03f23666194a38980a59c7fa71f76a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee03f23666194a38980a59c7fa71f76a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 17, Iss 1, p 20 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14226993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14512255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14512255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym17010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/1/20/pdf?version=1735206252","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405808930.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567712831","https://openalex.org/W2061773323","https://openalex.org/W2074011868","https://openalex.org/W2100967412","https://openalex.org/W2105982655","https://openalex.org/W2112970581","https://openalex.org/W2118382442","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2155615280","https://openalex.org/W2168268701","https://openalex.org/W2523915986","https://openalex.org/W2578927478","https://openalex.org/W2790464590","https://openalex.org/W2897398959","https://openalex.org/W2979359324","https://openalex.org/W2982656930","https://openalex.org/W3008823600","https://openalex.org/W3037951940","https://openalex.org/W3047488480","https://openalex.org/W3088780467","https://openalex.org/W3136039572","https://openalex.org/W4293294484","https://openalex.org/W4320490877","https://openalex.org/W4321618026","https://openalex.org/W4362635969","https://openalex.org/W4386031047","https://openalex.org/W4386260724","https://openalex.org/W4391538193","https://openalex.org/W4393140063","https://openalex.org/W4401760724","https://openalex.org/W6851092127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086397253","https://openalex.org/W2133122801","https://openalex.org/W600422426","https://openalex.org/W2007156430","https://openalex.org/W2084724079","https://openalex.org/W4246416108","https://openalex.org/W2111773953","https://openalex.org/W179829755","https://openalex.org/W2036408443","https://openalex.org/W2797553004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66,136],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,41,63,83,115,141],"edge":[3,49,157],"intelligence":[4],"systems":[5],"necessitates":[6],"efficient":[7],"and":[8,44,86,127,165],"reliable":[9],"connectivity":[10,24,98,146],"for":[11,33,155],"sensor":[12,35,64],"networks":[13,36],"deployed":[14],"at":[15],"the":[16,39,60,76,81,87,100,109,113,120,139],"edge.":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"proposes":[20],"a":[21,53],"novel":[22],"energy-efficient":[23,149],"algorithm":[25,67],"called":[26],"Constrained":[27],"Angle-aware":[28],"Connectivity":[29],"Optimization":[30],"(CA-Opt),":[31],"designed":[32],"directional":[34,61,128],"to":[37,74,99,143],"address":[38],"challenges":[40],"limited":[42],"resources":[43],"asymmetric":[45],"network":[46,56],"constraints":[47],"in":[48],"environments.":[50],"CA-Opt":[51,95,142],"constructs":[52],"hop-constrained,":[54],"degree-bounded":[55],"topology":[57],"while":[58,106],"considering":[59],"coverage":[62,129],"nodes.":[65],"incorporates":[68],"an":[69],"angle-aware":[70],"child":[71],"selection":[72],"strategy":[73],"optimize":[75],"energy":[77,110],"consumption":[78],"by":[79],"minimizing":[80],"number":[82],"active":[84],"links":[85],"total":[88],"communication":[89,121],"distance.":[90],"Extensive":[91],"simulations":[92],"demonstrated":[93],"that":[94],"achieved":[96],"comparable":[97],"traditional":[101],"Breadth-First":[102],"Search":[103],"(BFS)":[104],"algorithms":[105],"significantly":[107],"reducing":[108],"consumption.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"impact":[114],"key":[116],"parameters,":[117],"such":[118,159],"as":[119,160],"range,":[122],"node":[123],"density,":[124],"maximum":[125],"degree,":[126],"angle,":[130],"on":[131],"CA-Opt\u2019s":[132],"performance":[133],"was":[134],"analyzed.":[135],"results":[137],"underscore":[138],"potential":[140],"balance":[144],"asymmetry-driven":[145],"control":[147],"with":[148],"operation,":[150],"making":[151],"it":[152],"particularly":[153],"suitable":[154],"resource-constrained":[156],"applications,":[158],"smart":[161],"manufacturing,":[162],"environmental":[163],"monitoring,":[164],"intelligent":[166],"transportation":[167],"systems.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
