{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405449496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121657","title":"Lepton Asymmetries in Cosmology","display_name":"Lepton Asymmetries in Cosmology","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405449496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16121657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121657","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036717342","display_name":"M. Lattanzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-2532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107105","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/00zs3y046","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210107105"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Lattanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-2532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074029920","display_name":"M. Moretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-1803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107105","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/00zs3y046","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210107105"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Moretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy","Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-1803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036717342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107105"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.8398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84769358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"1657","last_page":"1657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.8943939208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lepton","display_name":"Lepton","score":0.7868738770484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrino","display_name":"Neutrino","score":0.7182998061180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-physics","display_name":"Particle physics","score":0.7136331796646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-bang-nucleosynthesis","display_name":"Big Bang nucleosynthesis","score":0.687044620513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-microwave-background","display_name":"Cosmic microwave background","score":0.6804086565971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.5867515802383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baryon-asymmetry","display_name":"Baryon asymmetry","score":0.533555269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrino-oscillation","display_name":"Neutrino oscillation","score":0.5255191326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmology","display_name":"Cosmology","score":0.502155065536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-neutrino-background","display_name":"Cosmic neutrino background","score":0.41030049324035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleosynthesis","display_name":"Nucleosynthesis","score":0.30534201860427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy","display_name":"Anisotropy","score":0.2576279044151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.2457338571548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.17471784353256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron","display_name":"Electron","score":0.16568788886070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-neutrino","display_name":"Solar neutrino","score":0.13878700137138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.06377267837524414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8943939208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179203047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82586","display_name":"Lepton","level":3,"score":0.7868738770484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186453547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126","display_name":"Neutrino","level":2,"score":0.7182998061180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.7136331796646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16743098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837317","display_name":"Big Bang nucleosynthesis","level":4,"score":0.687044620513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207297109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15605","display_name":"Cosmic microwave background","level":3,"score":0.6804086565971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.5867515802383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779293552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809677","display_name":"Baryon asymmetry","level":4,"score":0.533555269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107966497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509021","display_name":"Neutrino oscillation","level":3,"score":0.5255191326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.502155065536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187379410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3075329","display_name":"Cosmic neutrino background","level":5,"score":0.41030049324035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4397270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471702","display_name":"Nucleosynthesis","level":3,"score":0.30534201860427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.2576279044151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.2457338571548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.17471784353256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.16568788886070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5807566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2216633","display_name":"Solar neutrino","level":4,"score":0.13878700137138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06377267837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127592171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3937","display_name":"Supernova","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16121657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sfera.unife.it:11392/2573450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2573450","pdf_url":"https://sfera.unife.it/bitstream/11392/2573450/1/symmetry-16-01657.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:287524e719b94480b1b17fab8f021b72","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/287524e719b94480b1b17fab8f021b72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 1657 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16121657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1279507843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016-24-H.0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1632991104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-9-HH.0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2852407501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016-24-H.1- 2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","funder_display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5454602229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101116027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","funder_display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G596358959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016- 24-H.0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","funder_display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6960257425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016-24-H.1-2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7039198937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-9-HH.0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","funder_display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8746477142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101116027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/034zgem50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946283183","https://openalex.org/W1964731114","https://openalex.org/W1972451778","https://openalex.org/W1974368543","https://openalex.org/W1977128362","https://openalex.org/W1980703595","https://openalex.org/W1987481721","https://openalex.org/W1988914733","https://openalex.org/W1995650402","https://openalex.org/W1996245801","https://openalex.org/W1996985191","https://openalex.org/W1999766484","https://openalex.org/W2005245399","https://openalex.org/W2005486150","https://openalex.org/W2019808030","https://openalex.org/W2021137725","https://openalex.org/W2027304444","https://openalex.org/W2030571651","https://openalex.org/W2041017382","https://openalex.org/W2044180747","https://openalex.org/W2048268505","https://openalex.org/W2049817464","https://openalex.org/W2061901753","https://openalex.org/W2063133723","https://openalex.org/W2073153401","https://openalex.org/W2082272173","https://openalex.org/W2091413142","https://openalex.org/W2096778058","https://openalex.org/W2097367592","https://openalex.org/W2104095037","https://openalex.org/W2110078648","https://openalex.org/W2110572787","https://openalex.org/W2119153076","https://openalex.org/W2130725257","https://openalex.org/W2141177597","https://openalex.org/W2159823155","https://openalex.org/W2169010723","https://openalex.org/W2473179969","https://openalex.org/W2477181535","https://openalex.org/W2507837411","https://openalex.org/W2531046847","https://openalex.org/W2588395939","https://openalex.org/W2595129576","https://openalex.org/W2597813567","https://openalex.org/W2624474449","https://openalex.org/W2766792342","https://openalex.org/W2785284567","https://openalex.org/W2888259247","https://openalex.org/W2951990633","https://openalex.org/W2963985089","https://openalex.org/W3021277664","https://openalex.org/W3024728339","https://openalex.org/W3037249962","https://openalex.org/W3037938286","https://openalex.org/W3047463491","https://openalex.org/W3081572918","https://openalex.org/W3086225689","https://openalex.org/W3098366235","https://openalex.org/W3098899650","https://openalex.org/W3099367217","https://openalex.org/W3101224044","https://openalex.org/W3101912561","https://openalex.org/W3103026399","https://openalex.org/W3104895735","https://openalex.org/W3105063603","https://openalex.org/W3105413900","https://openalex.org/W3105961125","https://openalex.org/W3111524432","https://openalex.org/W3112901715","https://openalex.org/W3125016324","https://openalex.org/W4213213994","https://openalex.org/W4225671178","https://openalex.org/W4226400002","https://openalex.org/W4236173992","https://openalex.org/W4296888603","https://openalex.org/W4321446612","https://openalex.org/W4362466770","https://openalex.org/W4382774946","https://openalex.org/W4385769692","https://openalex.org/W4396882351","https://openalex.org/W4401211033","https://openalex.org/W6733154828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1627611363","https://openalex.org/W2120748563","https://openalex.org/W4297941890","https://openalex.org/W2963702649","https://openalex.org/W2118395975","https://openalex.org/W1805591546","https://openalex.org/W3102556874","https://openalex.org/W4394633925","https://openalex.org/W4290802851","https://openalex.org/W3023876200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"cosmological":[1],"lepton":[2,35,98],"asymmetry,":[3],"i.e.,":[4],"an":[5],"excess":[6],"of":[7,49,55,67,77,88],"leptons":[8],"over":[9],"antileptons,":[10],"is":[11,28],"still":[12],"only":[13],"loosely":[14],"constrained,":[15],"and":[16,63,94,105],"might":[17],"be":[18,38],"much":[19],"larger":[20],"than":[21],"its":[22],"tiny":[23],"baryonic":[24],"counterpart.":[25],"If":[26],"this":[27],"the":[29,34,41,46,53,65,75,79,86,102],"case,":[30],"charge":[31],"neutrality":[32],"requires":[33],"asymmetries":[36,51],"to":[37,74,91],"confined":[39],"in":[40],"neutrino":[42,50,80],"sector.":[43],"We":[44,72,100],"recall":[45],"observational":[47],"effects":[48],"on":[52,64,97],"abundance":[54],"light":[56],"elements":[57],"produced":[58],"during":[59],"Big":[60],"Bang":[61],"Nucleosynthesis":[62],"pattern":[66],"cosmic":[68],"microwave":[69],"background":[70],"anisotropies.":[71],"point":[73],"necessity":[76],"solving":[78],"transport":[81],"equations,":[82],"taking":[83],"into":[84],"account":[85],"effect":[87],"flavour":[89],"oscillation,":[90],"derive":[92],"general":[93],"robust":[95],"constraints":[96],"asymmetries.":[99],"review":[101],"current":[103],"bounds":[104],"briefly":[106],"discuss":[107],"prospects":[108],"for":[109],"next-generation":[110],"CMB":[111],"experiments.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
