{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404924778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121599","title":"Research on Propagation Characteristics of Fracture Grouting in Clay Formation","display_name":"Research on Propagation Characteristics of Fracture Grouting in Clay Formation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404924778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16121599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/12/1599/pdf?version=1733132124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/12/1599/pdf?version=1733132124","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090812262","display_name":"Rong Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-0847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028021053","display_name":"Tielin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-4944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tielin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404503","display_name":"Man Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-7543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051071516","display_name":"Xueda Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueda Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028021053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.4224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61388926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"1599","last_page":"1599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9437000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9327999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","score":0.5941445231437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5602155327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.5312107801437378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5941445231437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5602155327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5312107801437378}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16121599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/12/1599/pdf?version=1733132124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8eb696d1dc6d4dadb01475058fc07d94","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8eb696d1dc6d4dadb01475058fc07d94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 1599 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16121599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/12/1599/pdf?version=1733132124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404924778.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W991692520","https://openalex.org/W1985283070","https://openalex.org/W1991318358","https://openalex.org/W2005985909","https://openalex.org/W2013208978","https://openalex.org/W2023820477","https://openalex.org/W2068205815","https://openalex.org/W2088605127","https://openalex.org/W2097749852","https://openalex.org/W2114918240","https://openalex.org/W2128852685","https://openalex.org/W2155055857","https://openalex.org/W2157391421","https://openalex.org/W2279860261","https://openalex.org/W2325257418","https://openalex.org/W2344229692","https://openalex.org/W2585472035","https://openalex.org/W3201870715","https://openalex.org/W4213455480","https://openalex.org/W4242193514","https://openalex.org/W4319302868","https://openalex.org/W4391830823","https://openalex.org/W4395451764","https://openalex.org/W4397030777","https://openalex.org/W4398131468","https://openalex.org/W6723010923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W1984402782","https://openalex.org/W2137941439","https://openalex.org/W2004200960","https://openalex.org/W1999891779","https://openalex.org/W2029513011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Splitting":[0],"grouting":[1,44,88,101,179],"is":[2,227],"a":[3,76,98,150,197],"highly":[4],"effective":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7,291],"reinforcing":[8],"tunnels":[9],"and":[10,17,29,71,83,92,126,141,163,185,214,222,238,259,279],"underground":[11],"structures,":[12],"ensuring":[13],"their":[14],"operational":[15],"stability":[16],"facilitating":[18],"long-term":[19],"maintenance.":[20],"It":[21],"has":[22],"been":[23],"widely":[24],"adopted":[25],"in":[26,57,89,193,219,273],"the":[27,35,39,59,80,113,134,146,158,164,174,207,225,239,246,264,274],"prevention":[28],"remediation":[30],"of":[31,42,62,86,115,145,166,177,241,266],"geological":[32],"hazards.":[33],"However,":[34],"theoretical":[36,72,282],"research":[37],"on":[38,108,112,157,235],"diffusion":[40,60,81,106,135,192],"mechanisms":[41],"split":[43,63,87],"lags":[45],"behind":[46],"its":[47],"practical":[48,292],"applications.":[49,294],"This":[50],"study":[51,287],"addresses":[52],"several":[53],"key":[54],"scientific":[55],"challenges":[56],"understanding":[58],"behavior":[61,144],"grouting.":[64],"By":[65],"integrating":[66],"experimental":[67,184],"design,":[68],"numerical":[69,151,186],"simulations,":[70],"analysis,":[73],"we":[74,244],"conduct":[75],"systematic":[77],"investigation":[78],"into":[79,133],"process":[82,176],"vein":[84,191],"morphology":[85],"both":[90,212],"homogeneous":[91],"heterogeneous":[93,220],"formations.":[94],"We":[95],"first":[96],"employed":[97,171],"self-developed":[99],"two-dimensional":[100],"test":[102],"system":[103],"to":[104,172,263],"perform":[105],"experiments":[107],"cohesive":[109],"strata,":[110,206,224],"focusing":[111],"influence":[114],"various":[116],"factors":[117],"such":[118],"as":[119],"grout":[120,147,190,267],"density,":[121],"water/cement":[122],"ratio,":[123],"soil":[124,138,195,275],"consistency,":[125],"fracture":[127],"characteristics.":[128],"The":[129,183,249,281],"results":[130,187,250],"provide":[131,288],"insights":[132,283],"patterns,":[136],"morphology,":[137],"pressure":[139],"distribution,":[140],"surface":[142,208],"uplift":[143,209,226],"veins.":[148,268],"Subsequently,":[149],"simulation":[152],"program,":[153],"developed":[154],"in-house,":[155],"based":[156,234],"finite":[159],"element":[160],"method":[161],"(FEM)":[162],"volume":[165],"fluid":[167],"(VOF)":[168],"approach,":[169],"was":[170],"model":[173],"entire":[175],"fracturing":[178],"within":[180],"clay":[181],"strata.":[182],"indicate":[188],"that":[189,252],"layered":[194],"follows":[196],"Y-shaped":[198],"pattern":[199],"with":[200],"an":[201],"inclined":[202],"deflection.":[203,280],"In":[204],"uniform":[205],"curve":[210],"displays":[211],"symmetrical":[213],"asymmetrical":[215],"\u201cconvex\u201d":[216,231],"elevations,":[217],"while":[218],"soft":[221],"hard":[223],"characterized":[228],"by":[229],"distinct":[230],"deformations.":[232],"Finally,":[233],"these":[236],"findings":[237],"principles":[240],"contact":[242,254],"mechanics,":[243],"analyze":[245],"underlying":[247],"mechanisms.":[248],"suggest":[251],"weak":[253],"zones":[255],"undergo":[256],"tensile":[257],"cracking":[258],"horizontal":[260],"deflection":[261],"prior":[262],"formation":[265],"Additionally,":[269],"local":[270],"stress":[271],"rotations":[272],"can":[276],"induce":[277],"tilting":[278],"derived":[284],"from":[285],"this":[286],"valuable":[289],"guidance":[290],"engineering":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
