{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404187298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111497","title":"FLSAD: Defending Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning via Self-Attention Distillation","display_name":"FLSAD: Defending Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning via Self-Attention Distillation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404187298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16111497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/11/1497/pdf?version=1731058005","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/11/1497/pdf?version=1731058005","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111317953","display_name":"Lucheng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","State Key Laboratory of Massive Personalized Customization System and Technology, COSMOPlat IoT Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Massive Personalized Customization System and Technology, COSMOPlat IoT Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101416653","display_name":"Xiaoshuang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5473-6852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093776","display_name":"DHC Software (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kn8e190","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshuang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Penghai Software Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Penghai Software Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710356","display_name":"Ailing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-5801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093776","display_name":"DHC Software (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kn8e190","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ailing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Penghai Software Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Penghai Software Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039441451","display_name":"Weiwei Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-0226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093776","display_name":"DHC Software (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kn8e190","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Penghai Software Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Penghai Software Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101824799","display_name":"Xiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8432-2426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039441451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.6294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75370753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1497","last_page":"1497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9783921241760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6814326643943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4324212372303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4056427776813507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9783921241760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6814326643943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4324212372303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4056427776813507}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16111497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/11/1497/pdf?version=1731058005","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5fe82425eb174e05ae9d69eb3d7e91f8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5fe82425eb174e05ae9d69eb3d7e91f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 1497 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16111497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/11/1497/pdf?version=1731058005","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3960703808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3305800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4876276401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H&C-MPC-2023-02-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404187298.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2897865027","https://openalex.org/W2898759955","https://openalex.org/W2903356604","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2963140444","https://openalex.org/W2963249562","https://openalex.org/W2981441441","https://openalex.org/W2990614164","https://openalex.org/W2995164118","https://openalex.org/W2997006708","https://openalex.org/W3004155269","https://openalex.org/W3012113073","https://openalex.org/W3083185154","https://openalex.org/W3084847664","https://openalex.org/W3086809868","https://openalex.org/W3094933146","https://openalex.org/W3106047871","https://openalex.org/W3106646114","https://openalex.org/W3121478722","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3132435311","https://openalex.org/W3174842369","https://openalex.org/W3175919946","https://openalex.org/W3178386862","https://openalex.org/W3188215776","https://openalex.org/W3203600060","https://openalex.org/W3204423820","https://openalex.org/W3204548896","https://openalex.org/W3206887799","https://openalex.org/W3214636874","https://openalex.org/W4214537185","https://openalex.org/W4224942092","https://openalex.org/W4225750584","https://openalex.org/W4283211779","https://openalex.org/W4283702393","https://openalex.org/W4285602113","https://openalex.org/W4285605767","https://openalex.org/W4312700692","https://openalex.org/W4382237486","https://openalex.org/W4382463479","https://openalex.org/W4385187226","https://openalex.org/W4385679845","https://openalex.org/W6752600739","https://openalex.org/W6756333562","https://openalex.org/W6780640148","https://openalex.org/W6780735040","https://openalex.org/W6787633081","https://openalex.org/W6802646539","https://openalex.org/W6803053407","https://openalex.org/W6849618947","https://openalex.org/W7056673059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4401407399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"Learning":[1],"(FL),":[2],"as":[3,41],"a":[4],"distributed":[5],"machine":[6],"learning":[7],"framework,":[8],"can":[9,116,147],"effectively":[10],"learn":[11],"symmetric":[12,62],"and":[13,63],"asymmetric":[14,64],"patterns":[15],"from":[16],"large-scale":[17],"participants.":[18],"However,":[19],"FL":[20,72,111],"is":[21,55],"susceptible":[22],"to":[23,45,59,135,157],"malicious":[24],"backdoor":[25,37,50,65,68,107,143,155],"attacks":[26,51,156],"through":[27,163],"attackers":[28],"injecting":[29],"triggers":[30,119],"into":[31],"the":[32,46,61,86,95,118,127,132,137,141,149],"backdoored":[33],"model,":[34],"resulting":[35],"in":[36,52,71,110],"samples":[38],"being":[39],"misclassified":[40],"target":[42],"classes.":[43],"Due":[44],"stealthy":[47],"nature":[48],"of":[49,88,152],"FL,":[53],"it":[54],"difficult":[56],"for":[57],"users":[58],"discover":[60],"properties.":[66],"Currently,":[67],"defense":[69,108,144],"methods":[70,83],"cause":[73],"model":[74],"performance":[75],"degradation":[76],"while":[77],"reducing":[78],"backdoors.":[79],"In":[80],"addition,":[81],"some":[82],"will":[84],"assume":[85],"existence":[87],"clean":[89],"samples,":[90],"which":[91],"does":[92],"not":[93],"match":[94],"realistic":[96],"scenarios.":[97],"To":[98],"address":[99],"such":[100],"issues,":[101],"we":[102,130],"propose":[103],"FLSAD,":[104],"an":[105,121],"effective":[106],"method":[109],"via":[112],"self-attention":[113,133],"distillation.":[114],"FLSAD":[115,146],"recover":[117],"using":[120],"entropy":[122],"maximization":[123],"estimator.":[124],"Based":[125],"on":[126,159],"recovered":[128],"triggers,":[129],"leverage":[131],"distillation":[134],"eliminate":[136],"backdoor.":[138],"Compared":[139],"with":[140],"baseline":[142],"methods,":[145],"reduce":[148],"success":[150],"rates":[151],"different":[153],"state-of-the-art":[154],"2%":[158],"four":[160],"real-world":[161],"datasets":[162],"extensive":[164],"evaluation.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
