{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403602442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16101404","title":"Optimal Flexibility Dispatching of Multi-Pumped Hydro Storage Stations Considering the Uncertainty of Renewable Energy","display_name":"Optimal Flexibility Dispatching of Multi-Pumped Hydro Storage Stations Considering the Uncertainty of Renewable Energy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403602442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16101404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16101404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16101404","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/10/1404/pdf?version=1729515733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/10/1404/pdf?version=1729515733","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088104709","display_name":"Xinyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8927-7115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602900","display_name":"Pan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2174-2886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039461117","display_name":"Hongyu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-6306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115430442","display_name":"Bingbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-6867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingbing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093837798","display_name":"Kangping Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangping Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063011317","display_name":"Xiaobi Teng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobi Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid East China Branch, Shanghai 200120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101911659","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9980-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112663754","display_name":"Dongdong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5012-8235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101911659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.3907,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80606616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1404","last_page":"1404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.620717465877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5487734079360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5194444060325623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5112061500549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5105425119400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydropower","display_name":"Hydropower","score":0.49613913893699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pumped-storage-hydroelectricity","display_name":"Pumped-storage hydroelectricity","score":0.4152158498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3120347857475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.26813870668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22369951009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15378358960151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11814120411872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09781324863433838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.620717465877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5487734079360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5194444060325623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5112061500549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5105425119400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40675005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170196","display_name":"Hydropower","level":2,"score":0.49613913893699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183739832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339353","display_name":"Pumped-storage hydroelectricity","level":4,"score":0.4152158498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3120347857475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.26813870668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22369951009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15378358960151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11814120411872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09781324863433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16101404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16101404","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/10/1404/pdf?version=1729515733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4dea4589e5d64af48057a3d0fba7218d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4dea4589e5d64af48057a3d0fba7218d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1404 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16101404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16101404","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/10/1404/pdf?version=1729515733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403602442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403602442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009160720","https://openalex.org/W2155297377","https://openalex.org/W2363046318","https://openalex.org/W2791772876","https://openalex.org/W2793315621","https://openalex.org/W3007130652","https://openalex.org/W3015784821","https://openalex.org/W3045328553","https://openalex.org/W3135952064","https://openalex.org/W3171587516","https://openalex.org/W4200503744","https://openalex.org/W4327757658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230647159","https://openalex.org/W4200261084","https://openalex.org/W2582168888","https://openalex.org/W3176981229","https://openalex.org/W2001580136","https://openalex.org/W2600109609","https://openalex.org/W4315647447","https://openalex.org/W1518170171","https://openalex.org/W2357918151","https://openalex.org/W2319132455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,11,17,28,39,80,87,98,119,124,136,142,144,171,187,192,197,202,213,217,222],"continuous":[2],"increase":[3],"in":[4,16,83,123,127,174],"penetration":[6],"rate":[7],"of":[8,27,45,66,79,92,100,103,133,146,149,154,164,170,205,221],"renewable":[9,93],"energy,":[10],"randomness":[12],"and":[13,50,97,191,219],"flexibility":[14,57,75,101,113,161,182,193,203],"demand":[15,102,114,194],"power":[18,29,52,90,105],"system":[19,30,106],"continues":[20],"to":[21,73,167,179],"increase.":[22],"The":[23,109,160],"main":[24],"grid":[25,82,126,173],"side":[26],"vigorously":[31],"develops":[32],"pumped":[33],"hydro":[34,68],"storage":[35,69,147],"(PHS)":[36],"resources.":[37],"However,":[38],"current":[40],"PHS":[41,156,165,188],"station":[42,157,189],"scheduling":[43],"method":[44],"a":[46,55,104,130,228],"fixed":[47,51],"time":[48],"period":[49],"has":[53],"lost":[54],"certain":[56],"supply.":[58],"In":[59,141],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"an":[62],"optimal":[63,198],"dispatching":[64,199,215],"model":[65,111,132,163,200],"multi-pumped":[67],"stations":[70,166,207],"is":[71,95,107,115,139,158,177,208],"proposed":[72,223],"supply":[74,162,204],"for":[76,112,201],"different":[77,150],"regions":[78],"state":[81,125,172],"east":[84,128,175],"China.":[85],"Firstly,":[86],"credible":[88],"predictable":[89],"(CPP)":[91],"energy":[94],"calculated":[96],"definition":[99],"given.":[108],"calculation":[110,195],"established.":[116,140,209],"Secondly,":[117],"considering":[118],"regional":[120],"allocation":[121],"constraint":[122],"China,":[129],"non-centralized":[131],"multi-PHS":[134,206],"within":[135],"dispatch":[137],"scope":[138],"model,":[143,196],"constraints":[145],"capacity":[148],"hydropower":[151],"conversion":[152],"coefficients":[153],"each":[155,168],"considered.":[159],"region":[169],"China":[176],"established":[178],"realize":[180],"reasonable":[181],"allocation.":[183],"Then,":[184],"by":[185,227],"combining":[186],"models":[190],"Finally,":[210],"based":[211],"on":[212],"network":[214],"example,":[216],"effectiveness":[218],"superiority":[220],"strategy":[224],"are":[225],"verified":[226],"case":[229],"study.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
