{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400291523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070834","title":"Temperature Evaluation Considering Gradient Distribution for MV Cable XLPE Insulation Based on Wave Velocity","display_name":"Temperature Evaluation Considering Gradient Distribution for MV Cable XLPE Insulation Based on Wave Velocity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400291523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16070834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070834","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/7/834/pdf?version=1719991489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/7/834/pdf?version=1719991489","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083377729","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-4728"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430070, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026791317","display_name":"Jianben Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-2327"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianben Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430070, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012283003","display_name":"Longxiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9192-8151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107906054","display_name":"Yuwei Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuwei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051631611","display_name":"Yuyao Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-4656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyao Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614662","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-5172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, Baoding 071003, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026791317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.425,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60720235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"834","last_page":"834"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6540873050689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.6154434084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene","display_name":"Polyethylene","score":0.5957261323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-gradient","display_name":"Temperature gradient","score":0.5459517240524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5184140205383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.48756760358810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.47625255584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.42854374647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber-cable","display_name":"Optical fiber cable","score":0.41126441955566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.36665087938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.33162689208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.32949769496917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.20363622903823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19506525993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.16070646047592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11961603164672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.1189781129360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10479539632797241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6540873050689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.6154434084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143429","display_name":"Polyethylene","level":2,"score":0.5957261323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137109543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554388","display_name":"Temperature gradient","level":2,"score":0.5459517240524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5184140205383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.48756760358810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.47625255584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.42854374647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161325326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197961","display_name":"Optical fiber cable","level":3,"score":0.41126441955566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36665087938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33162689208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32949769496917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.20363622903823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19506525993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.16070646047592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11961603164672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.1189781129360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10479539632797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16070834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070834","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/7/834/pdf?version=1719991489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee38e4ba0b694a48b4853e6b72984864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee38e4ba0b694a48b4853e6b72984864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 834 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16070834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070834","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/7/834/pdf?version=1719991489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330345","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400291523.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572718985","https://openalex.org/W2154604317","https://openalex.org/W2185858657","https://openalex.org/W2543795888","https://openalex.org/W2548723449","https://openalex.org/W2654455699","https://openalex.org/W2904721633","https://openalex.org/W2946335869","https://openalex.org/W2960950302","https://openalex.org/W3119579133","https://openalex.org/W3136906620","https://openalex.org/W3202433153","https://openalex.org/W4206082010","https://openalex.org/W4223918433","https://openalex.org/W4281694533","https://openalex.org/W4282946410","https://openalex.org/W4285299455","https://openalex.org/W4296426275","https://openalex.org/W4327949251","https://openalex.org/W4376467328","https://openalex.org/W4379931272","https://openalex.org/W4386964955","https://openalex.org/W4389722336","https://openalex.org/W4390284887","https://openalex.org/W6762754197","https://openalex.org/W6806379083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353537774","https://openalex.org/W2053668343","https://openalex.org/W2549165368","https://openalex.org/W2175621836","https://openalex.org/W2076353393","https://openalex.org/W3154185729","https://openalex.org/W4233855778","https://openalex.org/W613678788","https://openalex.org/W1500340802","https://openalex.org/W2591617906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temperature":[0],"is":[1,29,67,83,96,117,134],"an":[2],"important":[3],"factor":[4],"for":[5],"the":[6,15,55,73,75,93,106,111,121,124,128,145],"service":[7],"life":[8],"of":[9,18,58,104,110,123,144,147],"cable":[10,62,94,112,129,148],"insulation.":[11],"To":[12],"ensure":[13],"safety,":[14],"operating":[16],"temperature":[17,26,47,66,82,90,109,125],"cables":[19,39],"must":[20],"be":[21,32],"monitored.":[22],"Since":[23],"optical":[24],"fiber":[25],"measurement":[27],"technology":[28],"difficult":[30],"to":[31,41,89],"used":[33],"widely":[34],"in":[35,92],"medium":[36],"voltage":[37],"(MV)":[38],"due":[40,88],"cost,":[42],"this":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"a":[46],"evaluation":[48],"method":[49],"based":[50,113],"on":[51,72,114,127],"wave":[52,79,115],"velocity.":[53],"Firstly,":[54],"dielectric":[56,132],"constant":[57,133],"cross-linked":[59],"polyethylene":[60],"(XLPE)":[61],"insulation":[63,95,108,130,149],"under":[64],"different":[65],"obtained":[68],"through":[69],"experiment.":[70],"Based":[71],"result,":[74],"relationship":[76],"curve":[77],"between":[78],"velocity":[80,116],"and":[81],"established.":[84],"The":[85,102],"asymmetry":[86],"effect":[87],"gradient":[91],"discussed":[97],"via":[98],"finite":[99],"element":[100],"simulation.":[101],"effectiveness":[103],"obtaining":[105],"average":[107],"validated.":[118],"In":[119],"addition,":[120],"mechanism":[122],"influence":[126],"material\u2019s":[131],"analyzed":[135],"by":[136],"molecular":[137],"dynamics":[138],"simulation,":[139],"which":[140],"further":[141],"deepens":[142],"understanding":[143],"characteristics":[146],"materials.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}