{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399491537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060712","title":"Clustering Mixed-Type Data via Dirichlet Process Mixture Model with Cluster-Specific Covariance Matrices","display_name":"Clustering Mixed-Type Data via Dirichlet Process Mixture Model with Cluster-Specific Covariance Matrices","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399491537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16060712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16060712","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/712/pdf?version=1719295075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/712/pdf?version=1719295075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084387407","display_name":"Nurul Afiqah Burhanuddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-1414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Afiqah Burhanuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia","Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672768","display_name":"Kamarulzaman Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2309-3663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamarulzaman Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006826111","display_name":"Hani Syahida Zulkafli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Syahida Zulkafli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003633804","display_name":"Norwati Mustapha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norwati Mustapha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084387407"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225","https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06481455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"712","last_page":"712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6560144424438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.6516432762145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5730802416801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5511729121208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifiability","display_name":"Identifiability","score":0.5082897543907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.48748207092285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4848102629184723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4641019105911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43983641266822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-dirichlet-allocation","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","score":0.4180680215358734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirichlet-process","display_name":"Dirichlet process","score":0.4127136766910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3754206597805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22983136773109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.1749669909477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17406302690505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16402259469032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-model","display_name":"Topic model","score":0.11556661128997803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6560144424438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.6516432762145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5730802416801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5511729121208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122770356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1656753","display_name":"Identifiability","level":2,"score":0.5082897543907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.48748207092285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4848102629184723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4641019105911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43983641266822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500882744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269236","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","level":3,"score":0.4180680215358734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781280628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280766","display_name":"Dirichlet process","level":3,"score":0.4127136766910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3754206597805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22983136773109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.1749669909477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17406302690505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16402259469032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.11556661128997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16060712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16060712","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/712/pdf?version=1719295075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:113587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113587/1/113587.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70020d391e1741b9804cfaadb1fd0729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70020d391e1741b9804cfaadb1fd0729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 712 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/16/6/712/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16060712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16060712","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/712/pdf?version=1719295075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399491537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399491537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92430206","https://openalex.org/W337688904","https://openalex.org/W1480568510","https://openalex.org/W1500546452","https://openalex.org/W1552710016","https://openalex.org/W1975120776","https://openalex.org/W1997589961","https://openalex.org/W1997628954","https://openalex.org/W2008721406","https://openalex.org/W2032113267","https://openalex.org/W2038885294","https://openalex.org/W2047869687","https://openalex.org/W2051378554","https://openalex.org/W2054880594","https://openalex.org/W2063009186","https://openalex.org/W2063390378","https://openalex.org/W2066887268","https://openalex.org/W2068358331","https://openalex.org/W2082503527","https://openalex.org/W2082576445","https://openalex.org/W2091797506","https://openalex.org/W2101998432","https://openalex.org/W2108306139","https://openalex.org/W2112521114","https://openalex.org/W2151967501","https://openalex.org/W2162021827","https://openalex.org/W2170481316","https://openalex.org/W2224746910","https://openalex.org/W2244204883","https://openalex.org/W2311316625","https://openalex.org/W2407430309","https://openalex.org/W2609041441","https://openalex.org/W2949624507","https://openalex.org/W2964183926","https://openalex.org/W3004584928","https://openalex.org/W3099767734","https://openalex.org/W3213204657","https://openalex.org/W4235169531","https://openalex.org/W4241453759","https://openalex.org/W4281763099","https://openalex.org/W4388320073","https://openalex.org/W6647192358","https://openalex.org/W6682569104","https://openalex.org/W6713954254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W2724847603","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W2034041141","https://openalex.org/W2490526372","https://openalex.org/W3131140146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"shown":[3],"successful":[4],"applications":[5],"of":[6,113],"the":[7,62,90,97,114],"Dirichlet":[8],"process":[9],"mixture":[10],"model":[11,116],"(DPMM)":[12],"for":[13,37,57,79],"clustering":[14,38],"continuous":[15,18,91],"data.":[16,34,92],"Beyond":[17],"data,":[19,83],"in":[20,48],"practice,":[21],"one":[22,68],"can":[23],"expect":[24],"to":[25,65,70],"see":[26],"different":[27],"data":[28,40,59,124],"types,":[29],"including":[30],"ordinal":[31,80],"and":[32,81,111,122],"nominal":[33,82],"Existing":[35],"DPMMs":[36],"mixed-type":[39,58],"assume":[41,73],"a":[42,55,105],"strict":[43],"covariance":[44,63,98],"matrix":[45,64,99],"structure,":[46],"resulting":[47],"an":[49,74],"overfit":[50],"model.":[51],"This":[52],"article":[53],"explores":[54],"DPMM":[56],"that":[60],"allows":[61],"differ":[66],"from":[67],"cluster":[69],"another.":[71],"We":[72],"underlying":[75],"latent":[76],"variable":[77],"framework":[78],"which":[84],"is":[85],"then":[86],"modeled":[87],"jointly":[88],"with":[89],"The":[93,109],"identifiability":[94],"issue":[95],"on":[96],"poses":[100],"computational":[101],"challenges,":[102],"thus":[103],"requiring":[104],"nonstandard":[106],"inferential":[107],"algorithm.":[108],"applicability":[110],"flexibility":[112],"proposed":[115],"are":[117],"illustrated":[118],"through":[119],"simulation":[120],"examples":[121],"real":[123],"applications.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}