{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399432322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060710","title":"The Influence of Low-Frequency Oscillations on Trailing-Edge Tonal Noise with Symmetry Spanwise Source Regions","display_name":"The Influence of Low-Frequency Oscillations on Trailing-Edge Tonal Noise with Symmetry Spanwise Source Regions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399432322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16060710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/710/pdf?version=1717753241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/710/pdf?version=1717753241","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066769228","display_name":"Zhangchen Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangchen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101459031","display_name":"Peiqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7690-5496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064026830","display_name":"Hao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-1972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-1972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101128427","display_name":"Yifeng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311643757","display_name":"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxmms51","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 201315, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 201315, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065821032","display_name":"Shujie Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1315-6795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujie Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064026830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.3292,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90536695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"710","last_page":"710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6921525001525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6711987257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillation","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","score":0.6405106782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airfoil","display_name":"Airfoil","score":0.5924367904663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.5405247807502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeroacoustics","display_name":"Aeroacoustics","score":0.5358568429946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5263833999633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.5107426643371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trailing-edge","display_name":"Trailing edge","score":0.503814160823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrasound","display_name":"Infrasound","score":0.4951912462711334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leading-edge","display_name":"Leading edge","score":0.41565123200416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-pressure","display_name":"Sound pressure","score":0.39913058280944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.22748929262161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12485554814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11436742544174194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6921525001525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6711987257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.6405106782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112124176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698744","display_name":"Airfoil","level":2,"score":0.5924367904663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.5405247807502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120763676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381331","display_name":"Aeroacoustics","level":3,"score":0.5358568429946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5263833999633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.5107426643371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28317120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975211","display_name":"Trailing edge","level":2,"score":0.503814160823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207240575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212082","display_name":"Infrasound","level":2,"score":0.4951912462711334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779570065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754137","display_name":"Leading edge","level":2,"score":0.41565123200416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.39913058280944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.22748929262161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12485554814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11436742544174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16060710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/710/pdf?version=1717753241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:88940dcdb4314dff8c255a5379654d70","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/88940dcdb4314dff8c255a5379654d70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 710 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16060710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/6/710/pdf?version=1717753241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4972279918","display_name":"\u5178\u578b\u81ea\u6fc0\u632f\u8361\u591a\u5cf0\u566a\u58f0\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"12072016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399432322.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509763920","https://openalex.org/W1591683764","https://openalex.org/W1988808219","https://openalex.org/W1993507007","https://openalex.org/W2011726622","https://openalex.org/W2013780825","https://openalex.org/W2018696610","https://openalex.org/W2077697672","https://openalex.org/W2079267161","https://openalex.org/W2091339002","https://openalex.org/W2092926273","https://openalex.org/W2099040572","https://openalex.org/W2131926641","https://openalex.org/W2160780884","https://openalex.org/W2296694989","https://openalex.org/W2334786264","https://openalex.org/W2488615062","https://openalex.org/W2521427855","https://openalex.org/W2581212371","https://openalex.org/W2604777015","https://openalex.org/W2611012896","https://openalex.org/W2741985242","https://openalex.org/W2786601158","https://openalex.org/W2806094576","https://openalex.org/W2885034036","https://openalex.org/W2887824871","https://openalex.org/W2951254906","https://openalex.org/W3023296586","https://openalex.org/W3024058683","https://openalex.org/W3096644006","https://openalex.org/W3097483559","https://openalex.org/W3111705094","https://openalex.org/W3122093673","https://openalex.org/W3183721729","https://openalex.org/W3207589971","https://openalex.org/W4210364893","https://openalex.org/W4210771298","https://openalex.org/W4211149101","https://openalex.org/W4220691273","https://openalex.org/W4249052411","https://openalex.org/W4281986859","https://openalex.org/W4283271647","https://openalex.org/W4289593697","https://openalex.org/W4293445418","https://openalex.org/W4308145527","https://openalex.org/W4322495571","https://openalex.org/W4367175556","https://openalex.org/W4382283171","https://openalex.org/W4386028839","https://openalex.org/W4386935961","https://openalex.org/W4393866435","https://openalex.org/W6742231785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2695582473","https://openalex.org/W2975489134","https://openalex.org/W1514127667","https://openalex.org/W2388609766","https://openalex.org/W2359952349","https://openalex.org/W2020860841","https://openalex.org/W2789756304","https://openalex.org/W3175313181","https://openalex.org/W4206316075","https://openalex.org/W2018877430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"noise":[1,11],"reduction":[2],"at":[3,91,107,120],"a":[4,83,100,121,126,131,156,170],"low-to-moderate":[5],"Reynolds":[6],"number,":[7],"airfoil":[8,90],"trailing-edge":[9],"tonal":[10],"has":[12],"multiple":[13],"prominent":[14],"tones.":[15],"Among":[16],"these":[17],"tones,":[18,82],"secondary":[19,81],"tones":[20],"are":[21],"greatly":[22],"influenced":[23],"by":[24,96,169],"external":[25,57,198],"disturbances":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"oscillations":[29,59,199],"commonly":[30],"in":[31,62,200],"the":[32,37,53,76,138,149,193],"environment.":[33],"In":[34],"previous":[35],"experiments,":[36],"spatial":[38,54,85],"movement":[39],"of":[40,56,87,195],"sources":[41],"was":[42,60,94,105,145],"found":[43],"to":[44,47,69,155,197],"be":[45,204],"related":[46],"an":[48,88,182],"inherent":[49],"high-frequency":[50],"oscillation.":[51],"Therefore,":[52],"influence":[55],"low-frequency":[58,179],"investigated":[61],"this":[63,111],"study.":[64],"By":[65],"using":[66],"tripping":[67,176],"tapes":[68],"construct":[70],"different":[71],"symmetry":[72],"source":[73,128,165,190],"regions":[74,166],"on":[75],"pressure":[77,103],"side":[78,80],"with":[79],"transient":[84,184],"analysis":[86],"NACA0012":[89],"2":[92],"degrees":[93],"performed":[95],"microphone":[97],"arrays":[98],"when":[99,161],"10":[101,112],"Hz":[102,113],"oscillation":[104,180],"significant":[106],"24":[108],"m/s.":[109],"Temporally,":[110],"periodic":[114,157],"strength":[115],"change":[116],"became":[117],"more":[118],"intense":[119],"broader":[122],"frequency":[123],"bandwidth":[124],"for":[125,187],"longer":[127],"region.":[129,177],"Furthermore,":[130],"substantial":[132],"time":[133,141],"delay,":[134],"significantly":[135],"larger":[136],"than":[137],"sound":[139],"propagating":[140],"difference":[142],"between":[143],"microphones,":[144],"observed":[146],"exclusively":[147],"along":[148],"spanwise":[150,189],"direction.":[151],"This":[152,178],"delay":[153],"led":[154],"directivity":[158],"pattern,":[159],"particularly":[160],"two":[162],"0.2":[163,171],"m":[164,172,175],"were":[167],"separated":[168],"or":[173],"0.4":[174],"introduces":[181],"asymmetric":[183],"switching":[185],"pattern":[186],"symmetric":[188],"regions.":[191],"Consequently,":[192],"response":[194],"airfoils":[196],"field":[201],"tests":[202],"should":[203],"considered.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}