{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4397010550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050623","title":"An Improved BGE-Adam Optimization Algorithm Based on Entropy Weighting and Adaptive Gradient Strategy","display_name":"An Improved BGE-Adam Optimization Algorithm Based on Entropy Weighting and Adaptive Gradient Strategy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4397010550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16050623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050623","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/623/pdf?version=1715927799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/623/pdf?version=1715927799","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102115356","display_name":"Yichuan Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichuan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Science Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079917762","display_name":"Jiantao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2049-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2049-1829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081057461","display_name":"Haijing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5168-6145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haijing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Science Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5168-6145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032676914","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3475-1056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3475-1056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452452","display_name":"Lei Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078092645","display_name":"Qian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-0064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672755","display_name":"Le Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-7645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Science Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-7645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081057461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":3.1252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93109074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"623","last_page":"623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6221266388893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6138256192207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5312796831130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.44354701042175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43291914463043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.4299778938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.4244397282600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.42415714263916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36767929792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3591154217720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2568480372428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.08170631527900696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6221266388893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6138256192207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5312796831130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.44354701042175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43291914463043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4299778938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.4244397282600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42415714263916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36767929792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3591154217720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2568480372428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.08170631527900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16050623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050623","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/623/pdf?version=1715927799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd06868b84354cbfb31c9ba363aeea91","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd06868b84354cbfb31c9ba363aeea91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 623 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16050623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050623","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/623/pdf?version=1715927799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4397010550.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2181068523","https://openalex.org/W2803280656","https://openalex.org/W3004917840","https://openalex.org/W3031420959","https://openalex.org/W3092862347","https://openalex.org/W3093138241","https://openalex.org/W3202860858","https://openalex.org/W4212905562","https://openalex.org/W4308120364","https://openalex.org/W4316658455","https://openalex.org/W4327953388","https://openalex.org/W4361007421","https://openalex.org/W4366986563","https://openalex.org/W4383226380","https://openalex.org/W4390228899","https://openalex.org/W4391521421","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6747620207","https://openalex.org/W6773971411","https://openalex.org/W6778881932","https://openalex.org/W6802173090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2070040999","https://openalex.org/W2387293848","https://openalex.org/W2250140200","https://openalex.org/W351285018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,92,148,280],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3,210],"enhanced":[4],"variant":[5],"of":[6,24,47,57,69,101,114,121,160,212,234,247,269,287,290,303],"the":[7,19,25,33,45,53,58,67,78,81,90,97,102,105,111,119,135,144,151,185,197,205,218,223,228,232,235,244,248,254,257,264,285,288,300],"Adam":[8,225,249,265],"optimizer\u2014the":[9],"BGE-Adam":[10,34,186,206,236,258,272],"optimization":[11,106,207,250,266,273,306],"algorithm\u2014that":[12],"integrates":[13],"three":[14,292],"innovative":[15],"technologies":[16,293],"to":[17,50,95,108,166],"augment":[18],"adaptability,":[20],"convergence,":[21],"and":[22,60,65,71,87,99,176,178,191,252,278],"robustness":[23],"original":[26],"algorithm":[27,35,82,107,187,208,237,274],"under":[28],"various":[29],"training":[30],"conditions.":[31],"Firstly,":[32],"incorporates":[36],"a":[37,125,157,214],"dynamic":[38],"\u03b2":[39],"parameter":[40],"adjustment":[41,68],"mechanism":[42],"that":[43,77,80,184],"utilizes":[44],"rate":[46],"gradient":[48,127,132,145],"variations":[49],"dynamically":[51],"adjust":[52],"exponential":[54],"decay":[55],"rates":[56],"first":[59],"second":[61],"moment":[62],"estimates":[63,118],"(\u03b21":[64],"\u03b22),":[66],"\u03b21":[70,86],"\u03b22":[72,88],"is":[73,141,241],"symmetrical,":[74],"which":[75,240],"means":[76],"rules":[79],"considers":[83],"when":[84],"adjusting":[85],"are":[89],"same.":[91],"design":[93],"helps":[94],"maintain":[96],"consistency":[98],"balance":[100],"algorithm,":[103],"allowing":[104],"adaptively":[109],"capture":[110],"trending":[112],"movements":[113],"gradients.":[115],"Secondly,":[116],"it":[117],"direction":[120],"future":[122,301],"gradients":[123],"by":[124,155],"simple":[126],"prediction":[128],"model,":[129],"combining":[130],"historic":[131],"information":[133],"with":[134],"current":[136],"gradient.":[137],"Lastly,":[138],"entropy":[139],"weighting":[140],"integrated":[142],"into":[143],"update":[146],"step.":[147],"strategy":[149],"enhances":[150],"model\u2019s":[152],"exploratory":[153],"nature":[154],"introducing":[156],"certain":[158],"amount":[159],"noise,":[161],"thereby":[162],"improving":[163],"its":[164],"adaptability":[165],"complex":[167],"loss":[168],"surfaces.":[169],"Experimental":[170],"results":[171],"on":[172,196,227,253],"classical":[173],"datasets,":[174],"MNIST":[175,255],"CIFAR10,":[177],"gastrointestinal":[179,201],"disease":[180,202],"medical":[181,199],"datasets":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"has":[188],"improved":[189],"convergence":[190,277],"generalization":[192],"capabilities.":[193],"In":[194],"particular,":[195],"specific":[198],"image":[200],"test":[203,230],"dataset,":[204,231,256],"achieved":[209],"accuracy":[211,220,233,246,260,268],"69.36%,":[213],"significant":[215],"improvement":[216],"over":[217],"67.66%":[219],"attained":[221],"using":[222],"standard":[224],"algorithm;":[226,251],"CIFAR10":[229],"reached":[238],"71.4%,":[239],"higher":[242],"than":[243],"70.65%":[245],"algorithm\u2019s":[259,267],"was":[261],"99.34%,":[262],"surpassing":[263],"99.23%.":[270],"The":[271],"exhibits":[275],"better":[276],"robustness.":[279],"research":[281],"not":[282],"only":[283],"demonstrates":[284],"effectiveness":[286],"combination":[289],"these":[291],"but":[294],"also":[295],"provides":[296],"new":[297],"perspectives":[298],"for":[299],"development":[302],"deep":[304],"learning":[305],"algorithms.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}