{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396549924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050526","title":"Analysis of the Surrounding Rock Full-Displacement Variation in Large-Span Mudstone Highway Tunnels","display_name":"Analysis of the Surrounding Rock Full-Displacement Variation in Large-Span Mudstone Highway Tunnels","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396549924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16050526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/526/pdf?version=1714470113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/526/pdf?version=1714470113","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111186184","display_name":"Dechao Chi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dechao Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Hi-Speed Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Hi-Speed Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017259008","display_name":"Yanbin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-4208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanbin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003413542","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-3340"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Hi-Speed Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Hi-Speed Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006261473","display_name":"S.H. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Hi-Speed Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Hi-Speed Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102974272","display_name":"Yunfei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-2488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120238","display_name":"PowerChina (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01varr368","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120238"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100569644","display_name":"Yuhang Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017259008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.9045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64958981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"526","last_page":"526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.7326758503913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.6835938096046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6565772294998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excavation","display_name":"Excavation","score":0.631284236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement-field","display_name":"Displacement field","score":0.5465086698532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/span","display_name":"Span (engineering)","score":0.4884611666202545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","score":0.4328191876411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnitude","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","score":0.4101145267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.2688291072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16470491886138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.12024343013763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.10574987530708313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7326758503913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6835938096046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6565772294998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.631284236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29660869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282615","display_name":"Displacement field","level":3,"score":0.5465086698532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960395","display_name":"Span (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4884611666202545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120398109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","level":2,"score":0.4328191876411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4101145267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.2688291072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16470491886138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12024343013763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.10574987530708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16050526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/526/pdf?version=1714470113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3cf8713275a4beea5e24038844fbf4a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3cf8713275a4beea5e24038844fbf4a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 526 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16050526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/5/526/pdf?version=1714470113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2154102517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52278394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7933855402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41831286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396549924.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141638146","https://openalex.org/W2024706991","https://openalex.org/W2048628678","https://openalex.org/W2070083880","https://openalex.org/W2093060858","https://openalex.org/W2280444957","https://openalex.org/W2320485206","https://openalex.org/W2366183337","https://openalex.org/W2386544879","https://openalex.org/W2388854976","https://openalex.org/W2469209356","https://openalex.org/W2897507227","https://openalex.org/W3045530059","https://openalex.org/W3134654824","https://openalex.org/W3148519332","https://openalex.org/W4391649398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376418092","https://openalex.org/W2072983018","https://openalex.org/W1016952678","https://openalex.org/W2257644995","https://openalex.org/W1513444457","https://openalex.org/W4311345787","https://openalex.org/W2188141918","https://openalex.org/W2286924402","https://openalex.org/W3185336960","https://openalex.org/W2390668313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,39,122,181],"the":[2,31,54,57,61,66,69,83,87,106,109,116,120,123,126,129,167,169,172,176,182,185,187,190,195,215,219,221,223,227,232,235,242,246,262,265],"increasing":[3],"development":[4],"of":[5,48,68,108,115,136,171,175,189,218,267],"highway":[6,15,22],"reconstruction":[7],"and":[8,35,65,119,152,160,208,231,241,260],"expansion":[9],"projects":[10],"in":[11,30,73,82,226,251],"China,":[12],"many":[13],"large-span":[14,75,269],"tunnels":[16],"are":[17,78,155,202],"being":[18],"constructed":[19],"near":[20],"existing":[21],"tunnels.":[23,271],"Tunneling":[24],"underneath":[25],"will":[26],"inevitably":[27],"cause":[28],"variation":[29,58,239],"surrounding":[32,62,177,196,247],"rock":[33,63,178,248],"displacement":[34,85,103,130,138,174,236],"may":[36],"even":[37],"lead":[38],"collapse.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,149,252],"study,":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45,148,194],"an":[46],"analysis":[47,159],"extensive":[49],"field":[50],"monitoring":[51,206],"data":[52],"from":[53],"Gucheng":[55],"tunnel,":[56,220],"law":[59,240],"for":[60,113,157,245,258],"full-displacement":[64,249],"influence":[67,188,224],"tunnel-face":[70,191,228],"spatial":[71,192,229],"effect":[72,193],"a":[74,256],"mudstone":[76,270],"tunnel":[77,110],"analyzed.":[79],"The":[80,102,132,198,213,238],"change":[81],"full":[84],"experienced":[86],"following":[88],"sequence:":[89],"slow":[90,97],"pre-displacement":[91],"growth":[92],"\u2192":[93,96,99],"rapid":[94],"increase":[95,98],"gradual":[100],"stability.":[101],"released":[104],"by":[105,141],"excavation":[107,124],"construction":[111,180,266],"accounts":[112],"40~60%":[114],"total":[117,183],"displacement,":[118,184],"closer":[121],"contour,":[125],"more":[127,233],"obvious":[128],"release.":[131,237],"final":[133],"convergence":[134],"value":[135],"vertical":[137],"is":[139,164,211],"obtained":[140],"hyperbolic":[142],"function":[143],"regression":[144],"prediction":[145],"analysis.":[146],"Based":[147],"value,":[150],"Lee":[151],"Hoek":[153],"equations":[154],"used":[156],"parameter":[158],"field-data":[161],"fitting.":[162],"It":[163],"concluded":[165],"that":[166],"larger":[168,214],"proportion":[170],"early":[173],"before":[179],"smaller":[186,222],"rock.":[197],"numerical":[199],"simulation":[200],"results":[201],"compared":[203],"with":[204],"actual":[205],"results,":[207],"good":[209],"agreement":[210],"observed.":[212],"burial":[216],"depth":[217],"range":[225,244],"effect,":[230],"concentrated":[234],"influential":[243],"described":[250],"paper":[253],"can":[254],"provide":[255],"reference":[257],"predicting":[259],"controlling":[261],"deformation":[263],"during":[264],"future":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
