{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394822277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040476","title":"A 3D Descriptive Geometry Problem-Solving Methodology Using CAD and Orthographic Projection","display_name":"A 3D Descriptive Geometry Problem-Solving Methodology Using CAD and Orthographic Projection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394822277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/476/pdf?version=1713083295","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/476/pdf?version=1713083295","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050562518","display_name":"E. Guti\u00e9rrez de Rav\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Guti\u00e9rrez de Rav\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatics, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd Floor), Campus Rabanales, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-6708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatics, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd Floor), Campus Rabanales, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036984475","display_name":"Francisco J. Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Hornero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-8797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Jim\u00e9nez-Hornero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatics, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd Floor), Campus Rabanales, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-8797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatics, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd Floor), Campus Rabanales, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050562518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.7527,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85324207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"476","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthographic-projection","display_name":"Orthographic projection","score":0.8139875531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6877901554107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6395239233970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.6334003210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.5706299543380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-geometry","display_name":"Descriptive geometry","score":0.5698227286338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5023808479309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4989738464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.4892723262310028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4817476272583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","score":0.48012423515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4486260712146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-system","display_name":"Coordinate system","score":0.4409447908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection-plane","display_name":"Projection plane","score":0.4291665256023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4012947976589203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28853917121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.2738305330276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22685956954956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.12356439232826233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175694140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980329","display_name":"Orthographic projection","level":2,"score":0.8139875531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6877901554107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6395239233970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.6334003210067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5706299543380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780507150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638755","display_name":"Descriptive geometry","level":2,"score":0.5698227286338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5023808479309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4989738464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.4892723262310028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4817476272583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48012423515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4486260712146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.4409447908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40296618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948080","display_name":"Projection plane","level":3,"score":0.4291665256023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4012947976589203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28853917121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.2738305330276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22685956954956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.12356439232826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/476/pdf?version=1713083295","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f465d56dafb42e59598180f05666830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f465d56dafb42e59598180f05666830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 476 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/476/pdf?version=1713083295","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325299","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4539577321","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394822277.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103239057","https://openalex.org/W2063115980","https://openalex.org/W2185141806","https://openalex.org/W2186382887","https://openalex.org/W2288337133","https://openalex.org/W2791346151","https://openalex.org/W2794747156","https://openalex.org/W3212402539","https://openalex.org/W4250498918","https://openalex.org/W4281652282","https://openalex.org/W4291144675","https://openalex.org/W4292860536","https://openalex.org/W4297811364","https://openalex.org/W4312979117","https://openalex.org/W4313399483","https://openalex.org/W4318220126","https://openalex.org/W4323022593","https://openalex.org/W4383648005","https://openalex.org/W4383648060","https://openalex.org/W4386985736","https://openalex.org/W4390410641","https://openalex.org/W4390471904","https://openalex.org/W4390621731","https://openalex.org/W6604227146","https://openalex.org/W6686468691","https://openalex.org/W6686629795","https://openalex.org/W6848406570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1703078624","https://openalex.org/W2384295113","https://openalex.org/W4382244045","https://openalex.org/W2385961724","https://openalex.org/W638830436","https://openalex.org/W564323050","https://openalex.org/W4234951168","https://openalex.org/W2783816150","https://openalex.org/W2359967926","https://openalex.org/W2901255543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,147],"solving":[1],"descriptive":[2],"geometry":[3],"(DG)":[4],"problems,":[5],"board":[6],"(i.e.,":[7,50],"hand":[8],"drawing)":[9],"methods":[10,26],"are":[11,27,34,60,91],"frequently":[12],"used,":[13],"despite":[14],"this":[15,64],"discipline":[16],"is":[17,77,94,174],"still":[18],"very":[19,28],"important":[20],"to":[21,96,130,139],"enhance":[22],"spatial":[23],"vision.":[24],"These":[25],"different":[29],"from":[30],"CAD":[31,41,72,87],"tools":[32,90],"which":[33],"used":[35],"in":[36,126,135,144,160,176,186],"the":[37,43,80,122,132,136,148,151,168,172,183],"field":[38],"of":[39,45,82,104,110,153,167,171],"design.":[40],"facilitates":[42],"realization":[44],"geometric":[46],"constructions":[47],"and":[48,56,73,86,89,116,118,181],"transformations":[49],"rotation,":[51],"translation,":[52],"copying,":[53],"scaling,":[54],"alignment,":[55],"symmetry,":[57],"among":[58],"others)":[59],"performed":[61],"analytically.":[62],"For":[63],"reason,":[65],"a":[66,105,111],"3D":[67,169],"DG":[68,141],"problem-solving":[69],"methodology":[70],"using":[71],"orthographic":[74,84],"projection":[75],"(CADOP)":[76],"introduced.":[78],"Once":[79],"principles":[81],"DG,":[83],"projection,":[85],"fundamentals":[88],"described,":[92],"CADOP":[93,127],"applied":[95],"obtain":[97],"(i)":[98],"orthogonal":[99],"views;":[100],"(ii)":[101],"principal":[102],"lines":[103],"plane;":[106,112],"(iii)":[107],"true-size":[108],"view":[109,170],"(iv)":[113],"parallelism,":[114],"perpendicularity,":[115],"distance,":[117],"(v)":[119],"angles.":[120],"Considering":[121],"user":[123],"coordinate":[124],"system":[125],"allows":[128],"one":[129,145],"place":[131],"horizontal":[133],"plane":[134],"suitable":[137],"position":[138],"solve":[140],"problems":[142],"directly":[143],"step.":[146],"traditional":[149],"methods,":[150],"use":[152],"auxiliary":[154],"views":[155],"must":[156],"be":[157],"carried":[158],"out":[159],"several":[161],"steps":[162],"instead.":[163],"The":[164],"dynamic":[165],"management":[166],"scene":[173],"facilitated":[175],"CADOP,":[177],"improving":[178],"its":[179],"understanding,":[180],"achieving":[182],"precision":[184],"inherent":[185],"analytical":[187],"calculations.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-10T14:10:52.464848","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}