{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394749857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040469","title":"Enhanced Model Predictions through Principal Components and Average Least Squares-Centered Penalized Regression","display_name":"Enhanced Model Predictions through Principal Components and Average Least Squares-Centered Penalized Regression","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394749857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040469","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/469/pdf?version=1712912794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/469/pdf?version=1712912794","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034247554","display_name":"Adewale F. Lukman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2881-1297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","display_name":"University of North Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5szx83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adewale F. Lukman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080824402","display_name":"Emmanuel T. Adewuyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-6866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel T. Adewuyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 212102, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-6866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 212102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095377573","display_name":"Ohud A. Alqasem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4020-6647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ohud A. Alqasem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4020-6647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066559252","display_name":"\u200eM\u200eohammad Arashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-9241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Arashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-9241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057995198","display_name":"Kayode Ayinde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-6199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11123151","display_name":"Northwest Missouri State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05maved80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11123151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayode Ayinde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-6199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11123151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034247554"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.5245,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81274555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"469","last_page":"469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicollinearity","display_name":"Multicollinearity","score":0.9592665433883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-regression","display_name":"Principal component regression","score":0.6863369941711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.647625207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6181512475013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5795525908470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.5736417770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.5367981195449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.5109626054763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.5079775452613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.49565351009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4576299786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.42489874362945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lasso","display_name":"Lasso (programming language)","score":0.4101858139038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40210390090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20070725679397583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.9592665433883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74887250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3455892","display_name":"Principal component regression","level":3,"score":0.6863369941711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.647625207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6181512475013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5795525908470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5736417770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.5367981195449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.5109626054763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5079775452613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.49565351009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4576299786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.42489874362945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37616216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3218363","display_name":"Lasso (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4101858139038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40210390090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20070725679397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040469","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/469/pdf?version=1712912794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1127b775a6445eb9cd3f8abd1361504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1127b775a6445eb9cd3f8abd1361504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 469 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040469","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/469/pdf?version=1712912794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394749857.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965278830","https://openalex.org/W2003287964","https://openalex.org/W2066796151","https://openalex.org/W2076337144","https://openalex.org/W2076948934","https://openalex.org/W2077205372","https://openalex.org/W2092437977","https://openalex.org/W2138614078","https://openalex.org/W2160172778","https://openalex.org/W2314246804","https://openalex.org/W2476793680","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2937591588","https://openalex.org/W3022426365","https://openalex.org/W3083707805","https://openalex.org/W3097294466","https://openalex.org/W3163178158","https://openalex.org/W3200939596","https://openalex.org/W4207004168","https://openalex.org/W4213003039","https://openalex.org/W4220839230","https://openalex.org/W4234698323","https://openalex.org/W4381853270","https://openalex.org/W4389078279","https://openalex.org/W4390782737","https://openalex.org/W6782204627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317475364","https://openalex.org/W4392841950","https://openalex.org/W1554487632","https://openalex.org/W2164733167","https://openalex.org/W2136196209","https://openalex.org/W4283715790","https://openalex.org/W2468593193","https://openalex.org/W2185804877","https://openalex.org/W4225151263","https://openalex.org/W2981666789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,72],"address":[1],"the":[2,8,62,74,93,109],"estimation":[3,77],"of":[4,111],"regression":[5,42,118],"parameters":[6],"for":[7,51,69,82,119],"ill-conditioned":[9,83],"predictive":[10],"linear":[11],"model":[12,102,121],"in":[13,23,100],"this":[14],"study.":[15],"Traditional":[16],"least":[17,39],"squares":[18],"methods":[19],"often":[20],"encounter":[21],"challenges":[22],"yielding":[24],"reliable":[25],"results":[26,99],"when":[27],"there":[28],"is":[29],"multicollinearity.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"we":[32,58],"employ":[33],"a":[34,47],"better":[35],"shrinkage":[36],"method,":[37],"average":[38],"squares-centered":[40],"penalized":[41,117],"(ALPR),":[43],"as":[44],"it":[45],"offers":[46],"more":[48],"efficient":[49],"approach":[50],"handling":[52],"multicollinearity":[53],"than":[54],"ridge":[55],"regression.":[56],"Additionally,":[57],"integrate":[59],"ALPR":[60],"with":[61,79,116],"principal":[63],"component":[64],"(PC)":[65],"dimension":[66],"reduction":[67,114],"method":[68],"enhanced":[70,120],"performance.":[71],"compared":[73,104],"proposed":[75],"PCALPR":[76],"technique":[78],"existing":[80],"ones":[81],"problems":[84],"through":[85],"comprehensive":[86],"simulations":[87],"and":[88],"real-life":[89],"data":[90],"analyses":[91],"using":[92],"mean":[94],"squared":[95],"error.":[96],"This":[97],"integration":[98],"superior":[101],"performance":[103],"to":[105],"other":[106],"methods,":[107],"highlighting":[108],"potential":[110],"combining":[112],"dimensionality":[113],"techniques":[115],"predictions.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}