{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394727371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040465","title":"Time Evolution of the Symmetry of Alphabet Symbols and Its Quantification: Study in the Archeology of Symmetry","display_name":"Time Evolution of the Symmetry of Alphabet Symbols and Its Quantification: Study in the Archeology of Symmetry","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394727371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040465","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/465/pdf?version=1712835013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/465/pdf?version=1712835013","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093495453","display_name":"Artem Gilevich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artem Gilevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034655838","display_name":"Mark Frenkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-6130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Frenkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-6130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066005912","display_name":"Shraga Shoval","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shraga Shoval","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088635445","display_name":"Edward Bormashenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Bormashenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-2486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel 407000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088635445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71456045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"465","last_page":"465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.8867999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.8867999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13317","display_name":"Media, Communication, and Education","score":0.8410000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.8337000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phoenician","display_name":"Phoenician","score":0.9311742186546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebrew","display_name":"Hebrew","score":0.6235443353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.5940987467765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.4655967652797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.44703805446624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43068578839302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3670934736728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.31646353006362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2968393564224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13852879405021667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776742946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36734","display_name":"Phoenician","level":2,"score":0.9311742186546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91304198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9288","display_name":"Hebrew","level":2,"score":0.6235443353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5940987467765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.4655967652797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.44703805446624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43068578839302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3670934736728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.31646353006362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2968393564224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13852879405021667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040465","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/465/pdf?version=1712835013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09b1152760e947c2b1c1857890870aed","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09b1152760e947c2b1c1857890870aed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 465 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym16040465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16040465","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/4/465/pdf?version=1712835013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394727371.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W257069209","https://openalex.org/W1431784042","https://openalex.org/W1964594364","https://openalex.org/W2059383828","https://openalex.org/W2115207750","https://openalex.org/W2120474334","https://openalex.org/W2159732298","https://openalex.org/W2171198419","https://openalex.org/W2466533307","https://openalex.org/W2519980303","https://openalex.org/W2581638292","https://openalex.org/W2625780687","https://openalex.org/W2792032687","https://openalex.org/W2935760417","https://openalex.org/W2984302147","https://openalex.org/W2999543410","https://openalex.org/W3021649779","https://openalex.org/W3123982061","https://openalex.org/W3201444856","https://openalex.org/W4205818483","https://openalex.org/W4233604098","https://openalex.org/W4298850403","https://openalex.org/W4308965299","https://openalex.org/W4392864990","https://openalex.org/W6839430820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245566909","https://openalex.org/W3170052117","https://openalex.org/W2073281282","https://openalex.org/W4387448390","https://openalex.org/W2319782805","https://openalex.org/W4237212683","https://openalex.org/W650905206","https://openalex.org/W2518505763","https://openalex.org/W611104647","https://openalex.org/W4385344529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,108,149],"investigated":[1],"the":[2,6,14,47,59,81,93,111,115,121,127,130,138,141,147,152,160,164,170,176,199,204,213,217,223,226,233,241],"time":[3,87,158],"evolution":[4],"of":[5,8,19,22,24,67,98,114,124,126,133,140,144,173,175,184,198,216,228],"symmetry":[7,23,68,99,112,118,153,200],"symbols":[9],"constituting":[10,46,146],"alphabets":[11,104,161],"rooted":[12,162],"in":[13,27,88,163],"Phoenician":[15,48,165,242],"script.":[16,166,219],"A":[17],"diversity":[18,73,83,97],"quantitative":[20],"measures":[21,55,66],"graphemes":[25,145,190],"appearing":[26],"Phoenician,":[28],"Western":[29],"Greek,":[30,38],"Etruscan":[31],"from":[32,240],"Marsiliana,":[33],"Archaic":[34,39],"Etruscan,":[35],"Neo-Etruscan,":[36],"Euclidian":[37],"and":[40,43,61,129],"Classical":[41],"Latin":[42],"Proto-Hebrew":[44],"scripts,":[45],"script":[49,236],"family,":[50],"were":[51,56,69],"calculated.":[52,76],"The":[53,64,71,96,117,182,196],"same":[54],"established":[57],"for":[58,92,102,137,159,188,203,225],"Hebrew/Ashurit":[60,218,235],"English":[62],"scripts.":[63,95],"Shannon-like":[65],"computed.":[70],"Shannon":[72,82],"index":[74,84],"was":[75],"Our":[77,220],"findings":[78],"indicate":[79],"that":[80,151,169],"increased":[85,193],"with":[86,106,157,180,194,212],"a":[89],"monotonic":[90],"way":[91],"studied":[94,177],"groups":[100],"inherent":[101],"addressed":[103,205],"grows":[105],"time.":[107,181,195],"also":[109],"introduced":[110],"factor":[113,119,154,201],"alphabet.":[116,148],"quantifies":[120],"averaged":[122],"level":[123,172],"symmetrization":[125,174],"alphabet":[128,178],"possible":[131],"parsimony":[132,183],"graphical":[134,185],"information":[135,186],"necessary":[136,187],"drawing":[139],"entire":[142],"set":[143],"found":[150],"is":[155,191],"decreased":[156],"This":[167],"means":[168],"average":[171],"increases":[179],"writing":[189],"consequently":[192],"values":[197],"calculated":[202],"scripts":[206],"are":[207],"close":[208],"to":[209,231],"one":[210],"another,":[211],"pronounced":[214],"exception":[215],"study":[221],"supplies":[222],"arguments":[224],"point":[227],"view,":[229],"according":[230],"which":[232],"modern":[234],"did":[237],"not":[238],"emerge":[239],"one.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}